Morphological characterization and functional immune response of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) haemocytes after bacterial stimulation.

The morphology and functionality of Ruditapes decussatus haemocytes have been characterized by light microscopy and flow cytometry, leading to the identification of three different cellular subpopulations. Granulocytes were the largest cells, the hyalinocytes were smaller and contained fewer granules and the intermediate cells showed a size similar to hyalinocytes and a higher number of granules. The phagocytosis of different particles and the associated production of oxygen radicals were measured by flow cytometric methods. Granulocytes were the most active cells, followed by the intermediate cells and hyalinocytes. The effect of stimulation of haemocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with a heat inactivated bacterial mixture or with the infection of Vibrio splendidus on the cell viability and the expression of selected immune-related genes were studied. While significant low levels of damaged cells were registered in LPS-stimulated cells, the treatment with dead bacteria or V. splendidus reduced cell viability 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after treatment. The stimulation of haemocytes with LPS and dead bacteria induced changes in the expression of defender against cell death (DAD-1), thrombin, prosaposin, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), factor B and C3 complement component.