Nanoconfinement effects in energy storage materials.

Nanoconfinement effects have been studied to understand and to modify thermodynamic and kinetic properties of energy storage materials and to improve their cyclic behaviour. The paper addresses various aspects in the research and development of hydrogen storage materials and batteries. Fundamental relationships and the state-of-the art in the prediction of properties and experimental observations will be outlined and structure-property-relationships will be discussed for some hydrogen storage materials. Similar nanoconfinement effects in lithium battery anode materials will be addressed.