BACKGROUND: Adult studies have demonstrated that increased resting blood pressure (BP) levels correlate with decreased pain sensitivity. However, few studies have examined the relationship between BP and experimental pain sensitivity among children. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between resting BP levels and experimental pain tolerance, intensity, and unpleasantness in healthy children. We also explored whether these BP-pain relationships were age and gender dependent. METHODS: Participants underwent separate 4-trial blocks of cutaneous pressure and thermal pain stimuli, and 1 trial of a cold pain stimulus in counterbalanced order. RESULTS: A total of 235 healthy children (49.6% female; mean age 12.7 [2.9] years; age range 8-18 years) participated. The study revealed specific gender-based BP-pain relationships. Girls with higher resting systolic BP levels were found to have lower thermal intensity ratings than girls with lower resting systolic BP levels; this relationship was stronger among adolescent girls than among younger girls. Among young girls (8-11 years), those with higher resting diastolic BP (DBP) levels were found to have lower cold intensity and unpleasantness as well as lower thermal intensity ratings than did young girls with lower resting DBP levels; these DBP-pain response relationships were not seen among adolescent girls. CONCLUSIONS: Age, rather than resting BP, was predictive of laboratory pain ratings in boys. The findings suggest that the relationship between BP and experimental pain is age and gender dependent. These aspects of cardiovascular relationships to pain in males and females need further attention to understand their clinical importance.
BACKGROUND: Adult studies have demonstrated that increased resting blood pressure (BP) levels correlate with decreased pain sensitivity. However, few studies have examined the relationship between BP and experimental pain sensitivity among children. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between resting BP levels and experimental pain tolerance, intensity, and unpleasantness in healthy children. We also explored whether these BP-pain relationships were age and gender dependent. METHODS:Participants underwent separate 4-trial blocks of cutaneous pressure and thermal pain stimuli, and 1 trial of a cold pain stimulus in counterbalanced order. RESULTS: A total of 235 healthy children (49.6% female; mean age 12.7 [2.9] years; age range 8-18 years) participated. The study revealed specific gender-based BP-pain relationships. Girls with higher resting systolic BP levels were found to have lower thermal intensity ratings than girls with lower resting systolic BP levels; this relationship was stronger among adolescent girls than among younger girls. Among young girls (8-11 years), those with higher resting diastolic BP (DBP) levels were found to have lower cold intensity and unpleasantness as well as lower thermal intensity ratings than did young girls with lower resting DBP levels; these DBP-pain response relationships were not seen among adolescent girls. CONCLUSIONS: Age, rather than resting BP, was predictive of laboratory pain ratings in boys. The findings suggest that the relationship between BP and experimental pain is age and gender dependent. These aspects of cardiovascular relationships to pain in males and females need further attention to understand their clinical importance.
Authors: Stephen Bruehl; John W Burns; Ok Y Chung; Edward Magid; Melissa Chont; Wesley Gilliam; Justin Matsuura; Kristin Somar; James K Goodlad; Kevin Stone; Heather Cairl Journal: J Behav Med Date: 2009-12-29