Prevention and management of hip fracture in older patients.

The average age at hip fracture is 83 for women and 84 for men, with about 80% of cases in women. The 30% mortality and 20% new institutionalisation rates at 12 months reflect the high prevalence of comorbidity and to some extent suboptimal management at the time of the fracture. With timely intervention and better clinical management many fractures can be prevented and when they do occur their human and economic costs can be greatly reduced. Fragility fractures occur in those with demonstrable osteoporosis or osteopaenia and/or risk factors. The goal of prevention is to identify and treat those at risk UK clinicians lack a single universally endorsed, decision support resource. The prudent strategy is to become familiar with all three available risk measures, introduce fracture risk assessment into routine practice, and allow clinical judgement to prevail in cases of doubt (perhaps, especially in very elderly people, more often in the direction of intervention). The classical signs after a fall by an older person, of severe pain, shortening and external rotation of the affected limb, and loss of mobility, should result in immediate and rapid transfer to hospital. It is not rare in the case of intracapsular fractures for mobility to be deceptively maintained on a moderately or minimally painful hip.