INTRODUCTION: The emergence of drug resistance is one of the main problems concerning malaria treatment. The use of counterfeit and/or substandard antimalarial drugs can contribute to the development of parasite resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of antimalarial drugs distributed in Brazil. METHODS: Samples containing chloroquine phosphate, mefloquine hydrochloride, primaquine phosphate, and quinine sulfate tablets were delivered to the Rio de Janeiro central storeroom (CENADI), state storerooms (SS), and Basic Health Units (BHUs) in the north region of Brazil - a total of 10 sample sets. After 5 months of storage, the samples were collected, and in vitro quality control analyses according to official and published methods were performed. RESULTS: Inadequate drug storage conditions were found in two SS and in all BHUs evaluated. There were no quality deviations found in the chloroquine samples. The quinine samples exhibited weight variation above the allowed limits. The primaquine samples were found to have packaging deficiency. The release of mefloquine in samples from some regions showed a statistically significant difference when compared with the CENADI samples. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to periodically evaluate the quality and storage conditions of essential drugs. The quality deviations found with the primaquine and quinine samples are not related to storage conditions and must be addressed urgently. The decreased mefloquine release from tablets is related to formulation problems or influenced by inadequate storage conditions, prompting further investigation. Even with the mentioned problems, the samples would probably not contribute to resistant parasite selection.
INTRODUCTION: The emergence of drug resistance is one of the main problems concerning malaria treatment. The use of counterfeit and/or substandard antimalarial drugs can contribute to the development of parasite resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of antimalarial drugs distributed in Brazil. METHODS: Samples containing chloroquine phosphate, mefloquine hydrochloride, primaquine phosphate, and quinine sulfate tablets were delivered to the Rio de Janeiro central storeroom (CENADI), state storerooms (SS), and Basic Health Units (BHUs) in the north region of Brazil - a total of 10 sample sets. After 5 months of storage, the samples were collected, and in vitro quality control analyses according to official and published methods were performed. RESULTS: Inadequate drug storage conditions were found in two SS and in all BHUs evaluated. There were no quality deviations found in the chloroquine samples. The quinine samples exhibited weight variation above the allowed limits. The primaquine samples were found to have packaging deficiency. The release of mefloquine in samples from some regions showed a statistically significant difference when compared with the CENADI samples. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to periodically evaluate the quality and storage conditions of essential drugs. The quality deviations found with the primaquine and quinine samples are not related to storage conditions and must be addressed urgently. The decreased mefloquine release from tablets is related to formulation problems or influenced by inadequate storage conditions, prompting further investigation. Even with the mentioned problems, the samples would probably not contribute to resistant parasite selection.
Authors: Victor S Pribluda; Adrian Barojas; Arletta Añez; Cecilia G López; Ruth Figueroa; Roxana Herrera; Gladys Nakao; Fernando Ha Nogueira; Gerson A Pianetti; Marinete M Povoa; Giselle Mr Viana; Margarete S Mendonça Gomes; Jose P Escobar; Olga L Muñoz Sierra; Susana P Rendon Norena; Raúl Veloz; Marcy Silva Bravo; Martha R Aldás; Alison Hindssemple; Marilyn Collins; Nicolas Ceron; Karanchand Krishnalall; Malti Adhin; Gustavo Bretas; Nelly Hernandez; Marjorie Mendoza; Abdelkrim Smine; Kennedy Chibwe; Patrick Lukulay; Lawrence Evans Journal: Malar J Date: 2012-06-15 Impact factor: 2.979
Authors: Shunmay Yeung; Harriet L S Lawford; Patricia Tabernero; Chea Nguon; Albert van Wyk; Naiela Malik; Mikhael DeSousa; Ouk Rada; Mam Boravann; Prabha Dwivedi; Dana M Hostetler; Isabel Swamidoss; Michael D Green; Facundo M Fernandez; Harparkash Kaur Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2015-04-20 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Renata S Pedro; Lusiele Guaraldo; Dayse P Campos; Anielle P Costa; Cláudio T Daniel-Ribeiro; Patrícia Brasil Journal: Malar J Date: 2012-07-28 Impact factor: 2.979