PURPOSE: To present fundamental anatomical aspects and technical skills necessary to urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. METHODS: Urethral and bladder catheterization has been widely utilized for carcinogenesis and cancer research and still remains very useful in several applications: from toxicological purposes as well as inflammatory and infectious conditions to functional aspects as bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux, among many others. RESULTS: Animal models are in the center of translational research and those involving rodents are the most important nowadays due to several advantages including human reproducibility, easy handling and low cost. CONCLUSIONS: Although technical and anatomical pearls for rodent urethral and bladder access are presented as tackles to the advancement of lower urinary tract preclinical investigation in a broaden sight, restriction to female animals hampers the male microenvironment, demanding future advances.
PURPOSE: To present fundamental anatomical aspects and technical skills necessary to urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. METHODS: Urethral and bladder catheterization has been widely utilized for carcinogenesis and cancer research and still remains very useful in several applications: from toxicological purposes as well as inflammatory and infectious conditions to functional aspects as bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux, among many others. RESULTS: Animal models are in the center of translational research and those involving rodents are the most important nowadays due to several advantages including human reproducibility, easy handling and low cost. CONCLUSIONS: Although technical and anatomical pearls for rodent urethral and bladder access are presented as tackles to the advancement of lower urinary tract preclinical investigation in a broaden sight, restriction to female animals hampers the male microenvironment, demanding future advances.
Authors: Gabriela R Passos; Juliana A Camargo; Karen L Ferrari; Mário J A Saad; Amilcar C de Mattos; Leonardo O Reis Journal: Med Oncol Date: 2017-12-04 Impact factor: 3.064
Authors: Francis M Hughes; Shelby N Harper; Brent D Nosé; Armand Allkanjari; Michael T Zheng; Huixia Jin; J Todd Purves Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Date: 2021-08-16
Authors: Jennifer M McCracken; Gisele A Calderon; Andrew J Robinson; Courtney N Sullivan; Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez; Julie C E Hakim Journal: Reprod Sci Date: 2021-04-06 Impact factor: 2.924
Authors: Kerem Teke; Tayyar A Ozkan; Oguz O Cebeci; Hasan Yilmaz; Muhammed E Keles; Levend Ozkan; Meltem O Dillioglugil; Demir K Yildiz; Ozdal Dillioglugil Journal: Exp Anim Date: 2017-02-22