Air travel and the risks of hypoxia in children.

In infants and children with chronic respiratory disease, hypoxia is a potential risk of aircraft travel. Although guidelines have been published to assist clinicians in assessing an individual's fitness to fly, they are not wholly evidence based. In addition, most evidence relates to adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and thus cannot be extrapolated to children and infants. This review summarises the current literature as it applies to infants and children potentially at risk during air travel. Current evidence suggests that the gold standard for assessing fitness to fly, the hypoxia flight simulation test, may not be accurate in predicting in flight hypoxia in infants and children with respiratory disease. Further research is needed to determine the best methods of assessing safety of flight in infants and children.