BACKGROUND: This evidence-based guideline is an update of the 2005 American Academy of Neurology practice parameter on the treatment of essential tremor (ET). METHODS: A literature review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, and CINAHL was performed to identify clinical trials in patients with ET published between 2004 and April 2010. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Conclusions and recommendations for the use of propranolol, primidone (Level A, established as effective); alprazolam, atenolol, gabapentin (monotherapy), sotalol, topiramate (Level B, probably effective); nadolol, nimodipine, clonazepam, botulinum toxin A, deep brain stimulation, thalamotomy (Level C, possibly effective); and gamma knife thalamotomy (Level U, insufficient evidence) are unchanged from the previous guideline. Changes to conclusions and recommendations from the previous guideline include the following: 1) levetiracetam and 3,4-diaminopyridine probably do not reduce limb tremor in ET and should not be considered (Level B); 2) flunarizine possibly has no effect in treating limb tremor in ET and may not be considered (Level C); and 3) there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of pregabalin, zonisamide, or clozapine as treatment for ET (Level U).
BACKGROUND: This evidence-based guideline is an update of the 2005 American Academy of Neurology practice parameter on the treatment of essential tremor (ET). METHODS: A literature review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, and CINAHL was performed to identify clinical trials in patients with ET published between 2004 and April 2010. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Conclusions and recommendations for the use of propranolol, primidone (Level A, established as effective); alprazolam, atenolol, gabapentin (monotherapy), sotalol, topiramate (Level B, probably effective); nadolol, nimodipine, clonazepam, botulinum toxin A, deep brain stimulation, thalamotomy (Level C, possibly effective); and gamma knife thalamotomy (Level U, insufficient evidence) are unchanged from the previous guideline. Changes to conclusions and recommendations from the previous guideline include the following: 1) levetiracetam and 3,4-diaminopyridine probably do not reduce limb tremor in ET and should not be considered (Level B); 2) flunarizine possibly has no effect in treating limb tremor in ET and may not be considered (Level C); and 3) there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of pregabalin, zonisamide, or clozapine as treatment for ET (Level U).
Authors: Theresa A Zesiewicz; Christopher L Ward; Robert A Hauser; Juan Sanchez-Ramos; Joseph F Staffetti; Kelly L Sullivan Journal: Mov Disord Date: 2007-01-15 Impact factor: 10.338
Authors: Theresa A Zesiewicz; Christopher L Ward; Robert A Hauser; Jason L Salemi; Shaila Siraj; Maria-Carmen Wilson; Kelly L Sullivan Journal: Mov Disord Date: 2007-08-15 Impact factor: 10.338
Authors: Jairo Alberto Espinoza Martinez; Gabriel J Arango; Erich Talamoni Fonoff; Thomas Reithmeier; Oscar Andrés Escobar; Luciano Furlanetti; G Rene Alvarez Berastegui; Fabio Eduardo Fernandes da Silva; William Omar Contreras Lopez Journal: Neurosurg Rev Date: 2015-05-20 Impact factor: 3.042
Authors: Rodger Elble; Cynthia Comella; Stanley Fahn; Mark Hallett; Joseph Jankovic; Jorge L Juncos; Peter Lewitt; Kelly Lyons; William Ondo; Rajesh Pahwa; Kapil Sethi; Natividad Stover; Daniel Tarsy; Claudia Testa; Ron Tintner; Ray Watts; Theresa Zesiewicz Journal: Mov Disord Date: 2012-10-02 Impact factor: 10.338
Authors: Mario Zappia; Alberto Albanese; Elisa Bruno; Carlo Colosimo; Graziella Filippini; Paolo Martinelli; Alessandra Nicoletti; Graziella Quattrocchi; Giovanni Abbruzzese; Alfredo Berardelli; Roberta Allegra; Maria Stella Aniello; Antonio E Elia; Davide Martino; Daniela Murgia; Marina Picillo; Giovanna Squintani Journal: J Neurol Date: 2012-08-11 Impact factor: 4.849