T M Samuel1, T Thomas, S Bhat, A V Kurpad. 1. Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: To objectively measure rates of breast-feeding to infants born in a baby-friendly hospital in Bangalore, India, and to capture home-based compliance to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). SUBJECTS/ METHODS: Breast-milk (BM) and non-breast-milk (NBM) water intake were assessed in 50 mother-infant pairs using a deuterium dilution technique at months 1, 3 and 6. RESULTS: Complementary feeding (CF) was introduced as early as 1 month among 44% of the infants, and only 14.2% remained as exclusively breastfed by month 6. Intake of BM significantly declined from 166 to 87 ml/kg/day and NBM significantly increased from 23 to 51 ml/kg/day from month 1-6 (P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between BM and NBM at months 3 (r = -0.59, P<0.001) and 6 (r = -0.61, P<0.001). The most common barrier to EBF was 'a persistently crying infant'. BM intake significantly correlated with weight for age (WAZ; month 1: r = 0.56, P<0.001; month 3: r = 0.60, P<0.001) and weight for height (WHZ; month 1: r = 0.59, P<0.001; month 3: r = 0.57, P<0.001). NBM intake showed a significant negative correlation with WHZ (r = -0.33, P = 0.02) at month 3 and correlated positively with WAZ (r = 0.37, P = 0.01) and height for age (r = 0.30, P = 0.03) at month 6. CONCLUSIONS: Despite intensive counseling at birth and during the immediate postnatal period in a baby-friendly hospital, early CF was observed at home. Reason for the early introduction of CF was primarily a crying infant. Home- and community-oriented approaches should be designed to address barriers and improve EBF rates.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: To objectively measure rates of breast-feeding to infants born in a baby-friendly hospital in Bangalore, India, and to capture home-based compliance to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). SUBJECTS/ METHODS: Breast-milk (BM) and non-breast-milk (NBM) water intake were assessed in 50 mother-infant pairs using a deuterium dilution technique at months 1, 3 and 6. RESULTS: Complementary feeding (CF) was introduced as early as 1 month among 44% of the infants, and only 14.2% remained as exclusively breastfed by month 6. Intake of BM significantly declined from 166 to 87 ml/kg/day and NBM significantly increased from 23 to 51 ml/kg/day from month 1-6 (P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between BM and NBM at months 3 (r = -0.59, P<0.001) and 6 (r = -0.61, P<0.001). The most common barrier to EBF was 'a persistently crying infant'. BM intake significantly correlated with weight for age (WAZ; month 1: r = 0.56, P<0.001; month 3: r = 0.60, P<0.001) and weight for height (WHZ; month 1: r = 0.59, P<0.001; month 3: r = 0.57, P<0.001). NBM intake showed a significant negative correlation with WHZ (r = -0.33, P = 0.02) at month 3 and correlated positively with WAZ (r = 0.37, P = 0.01) and height for age (r = 0.30, P = 0.03) at month 6. CONCLUSIONS: Despite intensive counseling at birth and during the immediate postnatal period in a baby-friendly hospital, early CF was observed at home. Reason for the early introduction of CF was primarily a crying infant. Home- and community-oriented approaches should be designed to address barriers and improve EBF rates.
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