Dopamine receptor subtypes: beyond the D1/D2 classification.

The D1/D2 dopamine receptor classification is widely accepted. However, intense investigative efforts over the last several years using pharmacological, biochemical and behavioral approaches have produced results that are increasingly difficult to reconcile with the existence of only two dopamine receptor subtypes. Recent developments, including cloning of the cDNAs and/or genes for several members of the large family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have revealed that heterogeneity in the pharmacological or biochemical characteristics of individual receptors often indicates the presence of previously unsuspected molecular subtypes. In this article, Marc Caron and colleagues have assembled the main lines of evidence that suggest the presence of several novel subtypes for both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and predict that molecular cloning will, in the near future, confirm their existence.