Achieving translation in models of visceral pain.

The failure of drugs to modify pain end points in clinical trials for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) highlights the knowledge gap that exists in the translation of efficacy in animal models of visceral pain into the clinic. Recent progress has been made towards improving the translation of visceral pain, particularly with regard to the activation of the sensory nerves which relay pain from the gut to the brain. This review will focus on studies which have identified the presence of an altered gastrointestinal and immune environment in IBS patients. The development of human gastrointestinal visceral afferent recordings has allowed direct comparison between sensory nerve studies in animals and human, as well as important advances in our understanding of the ion channels that underpin the changes in sensory nerve excitability.