OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether participants in taijiquan classes would report increases in mindfulness greater than that of a comparison group, and whether changes in mindfulness were associated with improvements in mood, perceived stress, self-regulatory self-efficacy, and sleep quality. DESIGN: The study design was quasi-experimental with repeated measures. SETTINGS/LOCATION: The study was set in a midsized public university. SUBJECTS:Students aged 18-48 years old enrolled in 15-week courses of either taijiquan (n=76) or special recreation (control group, n=132). INTERVENTION: Chen-style taijiquan classes were offered 2 times per week for 50 minutes each time. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report of mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), mood (Four Dimensional Mood Scale), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), self-regulatory self-efficacy (Self-regulatory Self-Efficacy Scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). RESULTS: Increases in total mindfulness scores occurred only in the taijiquan group, not in the control group. All well-being variables showed a pattern of improvement in the taijiquan group, with either stability or decline over time in the control group. Increases in mindfulness were significantly correlated with improvements on all well-being measures and with sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to a recreation control group, taijiquan classes for college students are associated with increased mindfulness and improved sleep quality, mood, and perceived stress, but not self-regulatory self-efficacy. Randomized control design studies are needed to substantiate the causal role of taijiquan exercise in the development of mindfulness and associated improvements in well-being.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether participants in taijiquan classes would report increases in mindfulness greater than that of a comparison group, and whether changes in mindfulness were associated with improvements in mood, perceived stress, self-regulatory self-efficacy, and sleep quality. DESIGN: The study design was quasi-experimental with repeated measures. SETTINGS/LOCATION: The study was set in a midsized public university. SUBJECTS: Students aged 18-48 years old enrolled in 15-week courses of either taijiquan (n=76) or special recreation (control group, n=132). INTERVENTION: Chen-style taijiquan classes were offered 2 times per week for 50 minutes each time. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report of mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), mood (Four Dimensional Mood Scale), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), self-regulatory self-efficacy (Self-regulatory Self-Efficacy Scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). RESULTS: Increases in total mindfulness scores occurred only in the taijiquan group, not in the control group. All well-being variables showed a pattern of improvement in the taijiquan group, with either stability or decline over time in the control group. Increases in mindfulness were significantly correlated with improvements on all well-being measures and with sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to a recreation control group, taijiquan classes for college students are associated with increased mindfulness and improved sleep quality, mood, and perceived stress, but not self-regulatory self-efficacy. Randomized control design studies are needed to substantiate the causal role of taijiquan exercise in the development of mindfulness and associated improvements in well-being.
Authors: Augustine C Lee; William F Harvey; John B Wong; Lori Lyn Price; Xingyi Han; Mei Chung; Jeffrey B Driban; Lucas P K Morgan; Nani L Morgan; Chenchen Wang Journal: Mindfulness (N Y) Date: 2017-02-23
Authors: Leah A Irish; Christopher E Kline; Heather E Gunn; Daniel J Buysse; Martica H Hall Journal: Sleep Med Rev Date: 2014-10-16 Impact factor: 11.609
Authors: Peter M Wayne; Brad Manor; Vera Novak; Madelena D Costa; Jeffrey M Hausdorff; Ary L Goldberger; Andrew C Ahn; Gloria Y Yeh; C-K Peng; Matthew Lough; Roger B Davis; Mary T Quilty; Lewis A Lipsitz Journal: Contemp Clin Trials Date: 2012-09-29 Impact factor: 2.226
Authors: Karen L Caldwell; Shawn M Bergman; Scott R Collier; N Travis Triplett; Rebecca Quin; John Bergquist; Carl F Pieper Journal: Nat Sci Sleep Date: 2016-11-14
Authors: Alexander K Converse; Elizabeth O Ahlers; Brittany G Travers; Richard J Davidson Journal: Front Hum Neurosci Date: 2014-01-27 Impact factor: 3.169