Urosepsis--from the view of the urologist.

Urosepsis accounts for approximately 25% of all sepsis cases and may develop from a community-or nosocomial-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). The underlying UTI is almost exclusively a complicated one with involvement of parenchymatous urogenital organs (e.g. kidneys, prostate). In urosepsis, as in other types of sepsis, the severity of sepsis depends mostly upon the host response. The urological management of urosepsis comprises early diagnosis, early fluid and oxygen treatment, early antibiotic therapy and early control of the complicating factor in the urinary tract. Time from admission to therapy is critical. The shorter the time to effective treatment, the higher is the success rate. This aspect has to become incorporated into the organisational process, including urologists, radiologists and intensive care specialists amongst others. Adequate initial antibiotic therapy has to be insured. This goal implies, however, a wide array of measures over time to ensure a rational antibiotic policy, including microbiologists and clinical pharmacologists. Dosage of an antibiotic in the septic patient generally has to be high to ensure adequate pharmacological exposure in the individual patient.