Shaymaa E Elsaka1, Michael V Swain. 1. Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. shaymanaghy@mans.edu.eg
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of different chemical surface treatments on the surface characteristics of commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and the adhesion of the porcelain-titanium system by means of strain energy release rate (G-value, J/m(2)). Surface roughness and morphology of treated cp Ti were additionally evaluated. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty specimens of machined cp Ti plates grade II were prepared. The specimens were divided into ten groups in each test according to the surface treatment used; Gr 1 (control; machined), Gr 2 (sandblasted), Gr 3 (CH(2)Cl(2) for 5 min), Gr 4 (CH(2)Cl(2) for 10 min), Gr 5 (10% H(2)O(2) for 5 min), Gr 6 (10% H(2)O(2) for 10 min), Gr 7 (30% H(2)O(2) for 5 min), Gr 8 (30% H(2)O(2) for 10 min), Gr 9 (9% HF for 5 min) and Gr 10 (9% HF for 10 min). Titanium-porcelain (Vita Titankeramik) was applied to each group for testing the adhesion. The G-value (J/m(2)) was measured with a four-point bending configuration. Following fracture testing specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface roughness and SEM analysis were carried out. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Groups treated with 9% HF or CH(2)Cl(2) baths for 10 or 5 min showed the highest adhesion values (J/m(2)) (34.23±4.31, 30.75±4.91, 28.92±4.33 and 22.54±3.58) respectively among the groups. The machined groups demonstrated the lowest value (8.18±1.95) (J/m(2)). SEM analysis indicated a combination of cohesive and adhesive fractures for 9% HF, CH(2)Cl(2), sandblasted and 30% H(2)O(2) (10 min) groups, while mainly adhesive fractures were found with the other groups. There was no direct correlation between surface roughness and adhesion. SIGNIFICANCE: Adhesion between porcelain and cp Ti can be improved by the use of certain chemical surface treatments prior to porcelain firing as alternative techniques to sandblasting treatment. Copyright Â
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of different chemical surface treatments on the surface characteristics of commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and the adhesion of the porcelain-titanium system by means of strain energy release rate (G-value, J/m(2)). Surface roughness and morphology of treated cp Ti were additionally evaluated. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty specimens of machined cp Ti plates grade II were prepared. The specimens were divided into ten groups in each test according to the surface treatment used; Gr 1 (control; machined), Gr 2 (sandblasted), Gr 3 (CH(2)Cl(2) for 5 min), Gr 4 (CH(2)Cl(2) for 10 min), Gr 5 (10% H(2)O(2) for 5 min), Gr 6 (10% H(2)O(2) for 10 min), Gr 7 (30% H(2)O(2) for 5 min), Gr 8 (30% H(2)O(2) for 10 min), Gr 9 (9% HF for 5 min) and Gr 10 (9% HF for 10 min). Titanium-porcelain (Vita Titankeramik) was applied to each group for testing the adhesion. The G-value (J/m(2)) was measured with a four-point bending configuration. Following fracture testing specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface roughness and SEM analysis were carried out. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Groups treated with 9% HF or CH(2)Cl(2) baths for 10 or 5 min showed the highest adhesion values (J/m(2)) (34.23±4.31, 30.75±4.91, 28.92±4.33 and 22.54±3.58) respectively among the groups. The machined groups demonstrated the lowest value (8.18±1.95) (J/m(2)). SEM analysis indicated a combination of cohesive and adhesive fractures for 9% HF, CH(2)Cl(2), sandblasted and 30% H(2)O(2) (10 min) groups, while mainly adhesive fractures were found with the other groups. There was no direct correlation between surface roughness and adhesion. SIGNIFICANCE: Adhesion between porcelain and cp Ti can be improved by the use of certain chemical surface treatments prior to porcelain firing as alternative techniques to sandblasting treatment. Copyright Â