Modeling F-actin cortex influence on the secretory properties of neuroendocrine cells.

Chromaffin cells are considered as one of the most valuable models to study regulated exocytosis. In these cells, like in other neuroendocrine systems, an intricate cortical cytoskeleton acts as a retentive network impeding vesicle access to plasma membrane. Therefore, during stimulation this structure suffers a transient reorganization allowing active transport of vesicles toward secretory sites. Interestingly, a combination of confocal microscopy studies and mathematical modeling is showing us new aspects of the influence of cortical cytoskeleton in shaping the secretory properties of excitable cells. In this new vision the F-actin-myosin II cortical cytoskeleton is organized forming polygonal cages with the molecular machinery of exocytosis composed by SNARE proteins and voltage-dependent calcium channels associating with its border. In this way the cytoskeleton not only holds together the essential elements acting during secretion, but we proposed that could also act as a structural factor opposing to the free diffusion of the calcium signal and therefore sustains high levels of the intracellular signal triggering exocytosis.