Gert-Jan Mauritz1, Taco Kind1, J Tim Marcus2, Harm-Jan Bogaard3, Mariëlle van de Veerdonk1, Pieter E Postmus1, Anco Boonstra1, Nico Westerhof4, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf5. 1. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Physics and Medical Technology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. 4. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.vonk@vumc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Until now, many investigators have focused on describing right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in groups of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but very few have addressed the deterioration of RV function over time. The aim of this study was to investigate time courses of RV geometric changes during the progression of RV failure. METHODS: Forty-two patients with PAH were selected who underwent right-sided heart catheterization and cardiac MRI at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Based on the survival after this 1-year run-in period, patients were classified into two groups: survivors (26 patients; subsequent survival of > 4 years) and nonsurvivors (16 patients; subsequent survival of < 4 years). Four-chamber cine imaging was used to quantify RV longitudinal shortening (apex-base distance change), RV transverse shortening (septum-free wall distance change), and RV fractional area change (RVFAC) between end diastole and end systole. RESULTS: Longitudinal shortening, transverse shortening, and RVFAC measured at the beginning of the run-in period and 1 year later were significantly higher in subsequent survivors than in nonsurvivors (P < .05). Longitudinal shortening did not change during the run-in period in either patient group. Transverse shortening and RVFAC did not change during the run-in period in subsequent survivors but did decrease in subsequent nonsurvivors (P < .05). This decrease was caused by increased leftward septal bowing. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive RV failure in PAH is associated with a parallel decline in longitudinal and transverse shortening until a floor effect is reached for longitudinal shortening. A further reduction of RV function is due to progressive leftward septal displacement. Because transverse shortening incorporates both free wall and septum movements, this parameter can be used to monitor the decline in RV function in end-stage PAH.
BACKGROUND: Until now, many investigators have focused on describing right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in groups of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but very few have addressed the deterioration of RV function over time. The aim of this study was to investigate time courses of RV geometric changes during the progression of RV failure. METHODS: Forty-two patients with PAH were selected who underwent right-sided heart catheterization and cardiac MRI at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Based on the survival after this 1-year run-in period, patients were classified into two groups: survivors (26 patients; subsequent survival of > 4 years) and nonsurvivors (16 patients; subsequent survival of < 4 years). Four-chamber cine imaging was used to quantify RV longitudinal shortening (apex-base distance change), RV transverse shortening (septum-free wall distance change), and RV fractional area change (RVFAC) between end diastole and end systole. RESULTS: Longitudinal shortening, transverse shortening, and RVFAC measured at the beginning of the run-in period and 1 year later were significantly higher in subsequent survivors than in nonsurvivors (P < .05). Longitudinal shortening did not change during the run-in period in either patient group. Transverse shortening and RVFAC did not change during the run-in period in subsequent survivors but did decrease in subsequent nonsurvivors (P < .05). This decrease was caused by increased leftward septal bowing. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive RV failure in PAH is associated with a parallel decline in longitudinal and transverse shortening until a floor effect is reached for longitudinal shortening. A further reduction of RV function is due to progressive leftward septal displacement. Because transverse shortening incorporates both free wall and septum movements, this parameter can be used to monitor the decline in RV function in end-stage PAH.
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