[The regulated effect of the coded amino acids on the basic cellular processes in young and old animals].

The aspects of the regulatory effect of 20 coded amino acids on the basic cellular processes--proliferation and apoptosis--are discussed. This effect is performed due to the regulation by the amino acids of the specific genes at the levels of the transcription and translation. This leads to the triggering of the regulation of any cellular processes. The investigations in organotypic culture of the tissues of the different genesis have demonstrated that the different amino acids perform the cell proliferation or apoptosis. The group of low molecular mass hydrophile amino acids with the charge chains stimulated the cell proliferation in the tissues of mesodermal genesis. The other group of high molecular mass hydrophobe amino acids stimulated the cell proliferation in the tissues of ectodermal genesis. Thus, the coded amino acids are not only the structural elements of the proteins, but can participate in the regulation of the specific genes, controlling the cellular cycle. The number of the active amino acids is decreased in 2.7 times in the explants from the old rats, as compared to the young, reflecting the disturbances in the amino acid transport and gene expression by the aging.