Diagnosing Tapia syndrome using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study and electromyography after anterior cervical spine surgery.

A couple of the most common complications after anterior cervical spine surgery are dysphagia and hoarseness. This is often related to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and it can also be caused by injury to the branches of the lower cranial nerves. In general, Tapia syndrome is combined injuries of the recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus and the hypoglossal nerves. There has been no reported case until now of Tapia syndrome after a patient underwent anterior cervical spine surgery. We present here the case of a 42-yr-old man who complained of hoarseness, dysphagia, and right deviation of the tongue with an atrophic change for 2 mos after he underwent C3-4 discectomy and anterior fusion body. We found that he has a diagnosis of a variant of Tapia syndrome, although recurrent laryngeal nerve injury did not seem to be involved according to a videofluoroscopic swallowing study and electromyography. Our case report demonstrates that the combined diagnostic tools of videofluoroscopic swallowing study, electromyography, and laryngoscopy can be very useful in localizing and evaluating the level of lesions in patients with Tapia syndrome.