PURPOSE: To describe the utility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular intervention for treating bleeding events after robotic pancreaticobiliary surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, six patients (male/female, 3/3; mean age, 64 years) with histories of robotic pancreaticobiliary resection were referred for endovascular management of delayed postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Visceral angiography was performed, and the sites of suspected arterial hemorrhage were interrogated with selective microcatheter arteriography. The visualized bleeding sources were treated using catheter-directed embolotherapy with metallic coils, bare metal or covered stent insertion, or a combination of the two. The measured outcomes included the technical success of the angiographic occlusion, procedure safety, and procedure efficacy. RESULTS: Pseudoaneurysms resulted in bleeding in six cases (100%). The endovascular interventions included coil embolization in three cases (50%), covered stent exclusion in two cases (33%), and bare metal stent-assisted coil embolization in one case (17%). The technical success was 100%, with complete cessation of bleeding in all cases. No immediate or delayed procedure-related complications were encountered in any of the patients. The efficacy of the endovascular therapy was 100% in this series, with no recurrent hemorrhage during the mean clinical follow-up period of 262 days (range, 67-446 days). CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy provides a minimally invasive, safe, and effective method for managing hemorrhagic events after complicated pancreaticobiliary surgery.
PURPOSE: To describe the utility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular intervention for treating bleeding events after robotic pancreaticobiliary surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, six patients (male/female, 3/3; mean age, 64 years) with histories of robotic pancreaticobiliary resection were referred for endovascular management of delayed postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Visceral angiography was performed, and the sites of suspected arterial hemorrhage were interrogated with selective microcatheter arteriography. The visualized bleeding sources were treated using catheter-directed embolotherapy with metallic coils, bare metal or covered stent insertion, or a combination of the two. The measured outcomes included the technical success of the angiographic occlusion, procedure safety, and procedure efficacy. RESULTS:Pseudoaneurysms resulted in bleeding in six cases (100%). The endovascular interventions included coil embolization in three cases (50%), covered stent exclusion in two cases (33%), and bare metal stent-assisted coil embolization in one case (17%). The technical success was 100%, with complete cessation of bleeding in all cases. No immediate or delayed procedure-related complications were encountered in any of the patients. The efficacy of the endovascular therapy was 100% in this series, with no recurrent hemorrhage during the mean clinical follow-up period of 262 days (range, 67-446 days). CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy provides a minimally invasive, safe, and effective method for managing hemorrhagic events after complicated pancreaticobiliary surgery.