Environmental barriers, activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced by people with major limb amputation.

BACKGROUND: Limited research is available that explores major limb amputation and the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the barriers, participation restriction and functioning levels experienced by people with a major limb amputation. STUDY
DESIGN: Secondary data analysis.
METHOD: Relevant data for 148 people with major limb amputation were extracted from the National Physical and Sensory Disability Database in Ireland.
RESULTS: The most common environmental barriers encountered were climate, physical environment and income. Participation restriction was most commonly experienced in sports/physical recreation, leisure/cultural activity and employment/job-seeking. For daily activities and functioning, the most common difficulties were with standing for long periods, walking long distances and the emotional effects of disability. Differences were found between people with an upper limb or lower limb prosthesis.
CONCLUSION: This paper addresses the limited information available on environmental barriers, activity limitation and participation restriction of people with a major limb amputation. Greater understanding of the impact of amputation and prosthesis type on activity, participation and environmental barriers is important to facilitate improved management and planning at the individual, service and societal level. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Improved understanding of environmental barriers and challenges, activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced by individuals with major limb amputation is a critical step in informing evidence-based service delivery, intervention and policy in order to improve outcomes for this group.