Using inotropic and vasodilating agents in pediatric patients with cardiac disease.

Inotropic and vasodilating agents are traditionally used with diuretics to manage heart failure in children with congenital heart disease. This article reviews the developmental aspects of cardiovascular physiology and the rational use of therapeutic agents for acutely ill surgical and medical pediatric patients with cardiac disease. By understanding the actions and indications for inotropic support and afterload reduction, the critical care nurse can intelligently administer these agents and evaluate their effects.