BACKGROUND: The hemagglutinin HA1 D222G substitution may be associated with adverse outcomes in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections by enhancing the binding capacity of α2-3 sialyl receptors to pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 viruses. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the emergence of the D222G mutation and other polymorphisms at this position during the first southern hemisphere pandemic wave in 2009. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 127 samples that were nucleic acid test positive for pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus were subjected to a sequence-based genotypic assessment of viral populations. Specimens showing polymorphisms at position 222 were further cloned to characterise the viral quasispecies. RESULTS: A high proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (20%) and outpatients with mild symptoms (11.3%) carried polymorphisms of D/G/N/S at position 222 in hemagglutinin. Viral quasispecies derived from the upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) in ICU patients showed comparable levels of 222G populations. CONCLUSION: The detection of 222G quasispecies present in the URT in both ICU and outpatient groups suggest ready transmission of these variants, and its frequent detection (and clusters) in outpatients imply local community transmission.
BACKGROUND: The hemagglutinin HA1 D222G substitution may be associated with adverse outcomes in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections by enhancing the binding capacity of α2-3 sialyl receptors to pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 viruses. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the emergence of the D222G mutation and other polymorphisms at this position during the first southern hemisphere pandemic wave in 2009. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 127 samples that were nucleic acid test positive for pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus were subjected to a sequence-based genotypic assessment of viral populations. Specimens showing polymorphisms at position 222 were further cloned to characterise the viral quasispecies. RESULTS: A high proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (20%) and outpatients with mild symptoms (11.3%) carried polymorphisms of D/G/N/S at position 222 in hemagglutinin. Viral quasispecies derived from the upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) in ICU patients showed comparable levels of 222G populations. CONCLUSION: The detection of 222G quasispecies present in the URT in both ICU and outpatient groups suggest ready transmission of these variants, and its frequent detection (and clusters) in outpatients imply local community transmission.
Authors: Antonio Piralla; Francesca Rovida; Alessia Girello; Marta Premoli; Francesco Mojoli; Mirko Belliato; Antonio Braschi; Giorgio Iotti; Elena Pariani; Laura Bubba; Alessandro R Zanetti; Fausto Baldanti Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-06-07 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Jeremy V Camp; Yong-Kyu Chu; Dong-Hoon Chung; Ryan C McAllister; Robert S Adcock; Rachael L Gerlach; Timothy L Wiemken; Paula Peyrani; Julio A Ramirez; James T Summersgill; Colleen B Jonsson Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-02-18 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Paola Cristina Resende; Fernando C Motta; Maria de Lourdes A Oliveira; Tatiana S Gregianini; Sandra B Fernandes; Ana Luisa F Cury; Maria do Carmo D Rosa; Thiago Moreno L Souza; Marilda M Siqueira Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-03-25 Impact factor: 3.240