BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of lung cancers present with a parenchymal mass. Lung cancers that present as bullae under imaging are unusual. The aim of the current article is to raise awareness regarding bullae-associated lung cancer through two case reports and their corresponding review of literature. METHODS: The clinical, auxiliary examination data, and the diagnosis of two patients with bullae-associated lung cancer are presented and the relevant literature are reviewed. RESULTS: Most cases of bullae-associated lung cancer are male heavy smokers. Considering the incidence of pulmonary carcinoma associated with bullous disease is high, radiographic findings would aid in the early detection of a malignant lesion. CONCLUSION: Bullous lung disease is a risk factor for lung cancer, and male, middle-age patients with bullae who smoke should be followed up by chest computed tomography and further examination. If the bullae may be diagnosed as lung cancer, an exploratory thoracotomy should be performed as early as possible.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of lung cancers present with a parenchymal mass. Lung cancers that present as bullae under imaging are unusual. The aim of the current article is to raise awareness regarding bullae-associated lung cancer through two case reports and their corresponding review of literature. METHODS: The clinical, auxiliary examination data, and the diagnosis of two patients with bullae-associated lung cancer are presented and the relevant literature are reviewed. RESULTS: Most cases of bullae-associated lung cancer are male heavy smokers. Considering the incidence of pulmonary carcinoma associated with bullous disease is high, radiographic findings would aid in the early detection of a malignant lesion. CONCLUSION: Bullous lung disease is a risk factor for lung cancer, and male, middle-age patients with bullae who smoke should be followed up by chest computed tomography and further examination. If the bullae may be diagnosed as lung cancer, an exploratory thoracotomy should be performed as early as possible.
Pictures A-E show the lesion experienced a succesion of variations from bullae to mass of case one. A: CT scan shows bullae in the upper lobe of left lung; B: A nodule can be found in the bullae two months later; C-E: The nodule becomes a mass gradually in six months.
图A-E为病例1病灶由肺大泡到肺部肿块的演变过程。A:CT见左上肺大泡;B:2个月后肺大泡内出现结节;C-E:6个月内结节逐渐增大成为肿块。Pictures A-E show the lesion experienced a succesion of variations from bullae to mass of case one. A: CT scan shows bullae in the upper lobe of left lung; B: A nodule can be found in the bullae two months later; C-E: The nodule becomes a mass gradually in six months.病例2:患者男性,40岁,因“咳嗽伴左胸痛1个月”入院。患者1个月前出现无明显诱因干咳,伴左侧持续性胸痛,咳嗽时加剧,无畏寒、发热,无咯血,无乏力、盗汗,当地医院胸片(图 2A)示“右上肺空洞,肺结核?”,胸部CT(图 2B)示“右肺上叶前段可见空洞影,壁薄,局部见局限性增厚,外缘与侧胸壁胸膜有粘连表现,纵隔可见肿大淋巴结”,考虑为“肺结核”至结核病专科医院住院治疗。住院期间痰找抗酸杆菌5次均阴性,血结核抗体阴性,PPD(+),两次检测血癌胚抗原(carcino-embryonic antigen, CEA)分别为289.20 ng/mL、329.10 ng/mL,行胸部CT增强扫描示“右肺上叶空洞内结节影,增强动脉期、静脉期未见明显强化”。因患者肺结核诊断依据不足,为进一步诊治转至本院。既往体健,无烟酒嗜好。入院查体:浅表淋巴结无肿大,气管居中,胸廓无畸形,胸壁无压痛,双肺触觉语颤对称,叩诊清音,呼吸音清,无干湿性啰音,心腹查体正常。患者入院后三大常规、凝血功能、血生化等检查均见异常,痰找抗酸杆菌2次阴性,血CEA为335.4 ng/mL。上腹部CT平扫未见明显异常,胃镜检查提示“慢性浅表性胃炎”。PET-CT检查报告为“右肺上叶肺癌伴双侧肺门、锁骨上淋巴结、左侧肋骨等多发转移”。为获得病理诊断而行电视胸腔镜下右肺上叶楔形切除术。术中见肿瘤位于右肺上叶前段,约2 cm,未与壁层胸膜粘连,边界欠清,肿瘤中央空洞坏死,呈灰白色。术后病理报告为“右上肺鳞腺混合癌”,术后予化疗。
Pictures A and B are the shows of radiograph and CT scan of case two. A: Chest X-ray shows a cavity in the right upper lobe; B: CT shows a cavity with mural nodule in the right upper lobe. Radioactive burr and pleural indentation sign can be found around the cavity.
图A、B分别为病例2的胸片及胸部CT表现。A:胸片见右肺上叶一空腔性病变;B:胸部CT见右上肺含壁结节的空腔,空腔周围可见毛刺及胸膜凹陷征。Pictures A and B are the shows of radiograph and CT scan of case two. A: Chest X-ray shows a cavity in the right upper lobe; B: CT shows a cavity with mural nodule in the right upper lobe. Radioactive burr and pleural indentation sign can be found around the cavity.
Authors: S Sato; J Asakura; H Suzuki; J Hirano; H Ohmori; K Takahisa; I Miyoshi; M Masubuchi; T Akiba; Y Yamazaki Journal: Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Date: 1998-03