Literature DB >> 21924037

[Role of EGFR mutation status in patients with stage III non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy].

Fuhai Li1, Hua Bai, Xia'nan Li, Meina Wu, Rong Yu, Anhui Shi, Li Yin, Jie Wang, Guangying Zhu.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: The presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is predictive of a better response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and initial chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the EGFR mutations and the outcome of combined chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-squamous NSCLC.
METHODS: Patients with stage III non-squamous NSCLC whose EGFR mutation status had been identified were retrospectively analyzed. The response of 87 patients to combined chemoradiotherapy, the two-year survival rate, and the response of 128 patients to initial chemotherapy were evaluated.
RESULTS: The response rate to combined chemoradiotherapy was 84.6% (33/39) in EGFR mutation-positive patients, significantly higher than the 56.3% (27/48) response rate in EGFR mutation-negative patients (P=0.004). Two-year survival rates were 53.8% and 50% in EGFR mutation-positive and mutation-negative patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall survival for both patient groups. The overall response rate to initial chemotherapy was 34.5% (19/55) in EGFR mutation-positive patients, compared with the 21.9% (16/73) response rate in EGFR mutation-negative patients.
CONCLUSIONS: EGFR mutation-positive status can predict better response to combined chemoradiotherapy, but is not associated with overall survival in patients with stage III non-squamous NSCLC.

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Year:  2011        PMID: 21924037      PMCID: PMC5999609          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.09.03

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


在世界范围肺癌是首位的癌症致死原因[,在中国肺癌的发病率和死亡率也均居首位[。肺癌包括非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)和小细胞肺癌两大类,其中85%为NSCLC[。传统上NSCLC包括鳞癌和非鳞癌(non-squamous carcinoma, NSC),NSC又包括腺癌、大细胞癌及其它类型[,约占肺癌总数的50%-60%[。 联合放化疗是当前不可切除的Ⅲ期NSCLC的主要治疗手段,与序贯放化疗相比,同步放化疗的有效率更高、生存期更长[。研究[显示表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs)对伴有EGFR激活突变(外显子19缺失和外显子21突变)的晚期NSC患者有效率更高,EGFR突变的晚期肺腺癌患者对一线化疗的有效率更高[。 对于Ⅲ期NSC患者EGFR突变是否与放化疗近期疗效和长期生存相关,目前尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨EGFR突变状态与联合放化疗近期疗效和长期生存的关系。

材料与方法

患者资料

对187例EGFR突变状态明确的Ⅲ期NSC患者进行回顾性分析。其中87例患者可评估放化疗疗效和2年生存率,患者均接受了含铂方案化疗及同步或序贯胸部放疗,同时满足以下入选标准:病理学证实的NSC,有可测量的病灶,一般状态评分0分-1分,≤75岁,无不可控制的糖尿病或其它严重的疾病或并发症。128例患者适合评估一线化疗疗效。

EGFR突变检测

报道[显示循环血液中存在肿瘤细胞来源的游离DNA。本研究检测标本为外周血游离DNA或肿瘤组织,EGFR突变检测采用变性高效液相色谱分析法[。

评估方法

疗效评价采用实体瘤疗效评价标准[。总生存期定义为自病理确诊日期至死亡或末次随访。EGFR突变定义为外显子19缺失突变和/或外显子21置换突变,不含这两种突变者定义为EGFR野生型。

统计学分析

采用SPSS软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用卡方检验。采用Logistic回归多因素分析评价放化疗疗效和基线特征之间的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并接受Log-rank检验。P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

结果

截至2011年1月,共有187例Ⅲ期非鳞非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR突变状态明确,EGFR总突变率为40.6%(76/187),女性(46.2%, 42/91)高于男性(35.4%, 34/96),不吸烟者(45%, 49/109)高于吸烟者(34.6%, 27/78),体重下降 < 5%者(43.7%, 73/167)高于体重下降≥5%者(15%, 3/20)。其中87例患者能够评估放化疗疗效和2年生存率,EGFR突变患者39例,EGFR野生型患者48例(表 1)。128例患者初始治疗采用含铂方案化疗,其中EGFR突变患者55例,EGFR野生型患者73例。
1

87例放化疗患者一般资料

Characteristics in patients received chemoradiotherapy

CharacteristicMutation-positive EGFRMutation-negative EGFR
EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EGFR-TKIs: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
No. of patients3948
Age (yr)  
  ≥659 (23.1%)11 (22.9%)
   < 6530 (76.9%)37 (77.1%)
Gender  
  Female17 (43.6%)17 (35.4%)
  Male22 (56.4%)31 (64.6%)
Smoking  
  Never23 (59.0%)26 (54.2%)
  Ever16 (41.0%)22 (45.8%)
Performance status  
  05 (12.8%)10 (20.8%)
  134 (87.2%)38 (79.2%)
Weight loss  
  ≥5%1 (2.6%)7 (14.6%)
   < 5%38 (97.4%)41 (85.4%)
Clinical stage  
  Ⅲa7 (17.9%)7 (14.6%)
  Ⅲb32 (82.1%)41 (85.4%)
Chemoradiation  
  Concurrent26 (66.7%)25 (52.1%)
  Sequential13 (33.3%)23 (47.9%)
Radiation dose  
  60 Gy-70 Gy31 (79.5%)39 (81.2%)
  40 Gy-59 Gy8 (20.5%)9 (18.8%)
EGFR-TKIs  
  Yes16 (41.0%)13 (27.1%)
  No23 (59.0%)35 (72.9%)
87例放化疗患者一般资料 Characteristics in patients received chemoradiotherapy 放化疗近期疗效 Response to chemoradiotherapy

疗效

EGFR突变患者对联合放化疗的客观缓解率为84.6%(33/39),明显高于EGFR野生型患者(56.3%, 27/48)(P=0.004)。包括EGFR突变状态、吸烟史、性别、年龄、一般状况评分、体重下降、临床分期、放化疗模式、放疗剂量为协变量的多因素分析显示,EGFR突变(P=0.004)、吸烟(P=0.024)、性别(P=0.039)为独立的放化疗疗效预测因素。

长期生存

末次随访于2011年1月进行,中位随访时间为25.1(2.3-60)个月,统计学分析亦同时进行。中位生存时间EGFR突变阳性患者为25(4.6-60)个月,EGFR突变阴性患者为24.5(2.3-58.4)个月;1年、2年生存率EGFR突变阳性患者为84.6%、53.8%,EGFR突变阴性患者为85.4%、50%,两组相比无统计学差异(P=0.871)(图 1)。
1

生存曲线(突变型患者39例,野生型患者48例)

Overall survival (Mutated EGFR: n=39, Wild-type EGFR: n=48)

生存曲线(突变型患者39例,野生型患者48例) Overall survival (Mutated EGFR: n=39, Wild-type EGFR: n=48)

放化疗后EGFR-TKIs治疗

共有29例放化疗后疾病进展(progressive disease, PD)的患者接受过EGER-TKIs治疗,其中EGFR突变型患者16例,近期疗效为部分缓解(partial response, PR)1例,稳定(stable disease, SD)8例,PD 7例。野生型患者13例,SD 6例,PD 7例。接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的患者与未接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的患者相比,长期生存无统计学差异(P=0.271)。

讨论

本研究显示在Ⅲ期NSC患者中EGFR突变意味着更高的放化疗近期疗效,但与长期生存无关。 EGFR突变预示着更高的放化疗近期疗效,本研究发现EGFR突变型患者对联合放化疗和初治含铂方案化疗的有效率均高于EGFR野生型患者。关于EGFR突变状态与Ⅲ期NSC联合放化疗近期疗效的关系尚未见报道。EGFR野生型患者对联合放化疗的有效率与几项有关局部晚期NSCLC的研究报道[类似。IPASS研究[显示晚期肺腺癌患者对一线PC方案化疗的有效率在突变组高于未突变组(47.3% vs 23.5%)。本研究发现两组间虽然近期疗效存在明显差别,但长期生存不存在明显差异。对于EGFR突变的以腺癌为主的晚期NSCLC,多项关于一线EGFR-TKI与化疗对比的随机研究[也有类似发现:近期有效率差别明显而长期生存相似。我们推测EGFR激活突变使肿瘤细胞增殖速度更快,一方面其对治疗(包括EGFR-TKIs、化疗、放疗)的反应更敏感,表现为更高的近期疗效;另一方面EGFR激活突变使肿瘤细胞更具侵袭性,更容易发生转移,一旦进展可能发展更为迅速,从而抵消了近期疗效的优势。 EGFR突变型和野生型患者放化疗后疾病进展后使用EGFR-TKIs的有效率分别为1/16、0/13。生存分析显示放化疗后出现疾病进展的患者使用EGFR-TKIs并未带来生存受益(P=0.271)。SWOG S0023[是一项针对Ⅲ期NSCLC患者经EP方案同步放化疗+多西他赛巩固治疗后进行吉非替尼或安慰剂维持治疗的Ⅲ期临床研究,此研究没有对入选患者的EGFR突变状态进行筛查,结果显示吉非替尼组和安慰剂组的中位生存期分别为23个月(n=118)和35个月(n=125)(P=0.013),吉非替尼维持治疗组生存期更短。我们推测联合放化疗可能会改变EGFR信号传导通路,进而影响后续EGFR-TKIs的疗效,此推论尚需进一步研究论证。 本研究显示在Ⅲ期非鳞非小细胞肺癌中,EGFR突变预示着更高的放化疗近期疗效,与长期生存无关。
2

放化疗近期疗效

Response to chemoradiotherapy

ResponseMutated EGFRWild-type EGFR
CR: complete response; PR: partial response; ORR: overall response rate; SD: stable disease; PD: progressive disease.
No. of patients3948
CR3 (7.7%)1 (2.1%)
PR30 (76.9%)26 (54.2%)
ORR33 (84.6%)27 (56.3%)
SD1 (2.6%)14 (29.2%)
PD5 (12.8%)7 (14.6%)
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