BACKGROUND/AIMS: A variety of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the metabolic syndrome, were recently reported. It has been suggested that a low urine pH is another characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between urine pH and CKD remains to be elucidated. METHODS: A cohort study was performed on 1,811 subjects who underwent a health check-up, and we examined whether low urine pH could be a predictor of CKD. The following risk factors for CKD were evaluated: age, gender, history of alcohol intake and smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid, total leukocyte count, CKD stage, fasting urine pH, and protein at baseline. RESULTS: We followed 1,811 subjects for a median period of 7.7 years. Three hundred and thirty-nine subjects developed stage 3 CKD defined as progression to estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that the adjusted HR (95% CI) for stage 3 CKD was 1.32 (1.06-1.65; p = 0.0129) in subjects with fasting urine pH 5.0-5.5 compared to subjects with pH 6.5-7.0. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that low urine pH is an independent predictor of stage 3 CKD.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: A variety of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the metabolic syndrome, were recently reported. It has been suggested that a low urine pH is another characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between urine pH and CKD remains to be elucidated. METHODS: A cohort study was performed on 1,811 subjects who underwent a health check-up, and we examined whether low urine pH could be a predictor of CKD. The following risk factors for CKD were evaluated: age, gender, history of alcohol intake and smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid, total leukocyte count, CKD stage, fasting urine pH, and protein at baseline. RESULTS: We followed 1,811 subjects for a median period of 7.7 years. Three hundred and thirty-nine subjects developed stage 3 CKD defined as progression to estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that the adjusted HR (95% CI) for stage 3 CKD was 1.32 (1.06-1.65; p = 0.0129) in subjects with fasting urine pH 5.0-5.5 compared to subjects with pH 6.5-7.0. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that low urine pH is an independent predictor of stage 3 CKD.
Authors: Jason Glaser; Jay Lemery; Balaji Rajagopalan; Henry F Diaz; Ramón García-Trabanino; Gangadhar Taduri; Magdalena Madero; Mala Amarasinghe; Georgi Abraham; Sirirat Anutrakulchai; Vivekanand Jha; Peter Stenvinkel; Carlos Roncal-Jimenez; Miguel A Lanaspa; Ricardo Correa-Rotter; David Sheikh-Hamad; Emmanuel A Burdmann; Ana Andres-Hernando; Tamara Milagres; Ilana Weiss; Mehmet Kanbay; Catharina Wesseling; Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada; Richard J Johnson Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2016-05-05 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Peter Stenvinkel; Johanna Painer; Makoto Kuro-O; Miguel Lanaspa; Walter Arnold; Thomas Ruf; Paul G Shiels; Richard J Johnson Journal: Nat Rev Nephrol Date: 2018-01-15 Impact factor: 28.314