BACKGROUND: We previously reported on infrared coagulator ablation of anal high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) with a median follow-up of 1.5 years. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion recurrence rates after long-term follow-up for infrared coagulator ablation, and whether patients progressed to invasive cancer. DESIGN: : This study investigated a retrospective cohort. SETTING: This study was set in an office-based practice. PATIENTS: The patients evaluated were MSM who underwent at least 1 infrared coagulator anal high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion ablation between 1999 and 2005 with at least 1-year additional follow-up. INTERVENTION: Infrared coagulator ablation had been performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The primary outcomes measured were high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion recurrence and progression to anal squamous-cell carcinoma. RESULTS: Ninety-six MSM were included (44 HIV-positive) with a median follow-up of 48 and 69 months in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM. Thiry-five percent of HIV-positive and 31% of HIV-negative subjects from the original cohort were lost to follow-up. In HIV-negative MSM, 32 (62%) had a recurrence in a mean of 14 months. Recurrence rates after the second and third treatments were 48% and 57%. In HIV-positive MSM, 40 (91%) had a recurrence in a mean of 17 months. Recurrence rates after the second, third, and fourth infrared coagulator ablations were 63%, 85%, and 47%. After the first ablation, HIV-positive MSM were 1.9 times more likely to have a recurrence than HIV-negative MSM (P = .009). One year after the first ablation, 61% of HIV-positive MSM had recurrent high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions in comparison with 38% of HIV-negative MSM. One year after the second ablation, 49% of HIV-positive MSM had recurrent high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions in comparison with 28% of HIV-negative MSM. In HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM, the probability of curing an individual lesion after first ablation was 80% and 67%. Most recurrence was due to the development of metachronous lesions occurring in 82% and 52% of HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects after their first infrared coagulator treatment. The mean number of recurrent lesions for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM was never >2. No MSM developed squamous-cell carcinoma, and there were no serious adverse events. At last visit, 82% of HIV-positive MSM and 90% of HIV-negative MSM were high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion free. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective, observational study with significant loss to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared coagulator ablation is an effective treatment for high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions, and no patients progressed to cancer. HIV-positive patients are significantly more likely to have a recurrence, and recurrence occurred more rapidly in these patients. Continued follow-up is important.
BACKGROUND: We previously reported on infrared coagulator ablation of anal high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) with a median follow-up of 1.5 years. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion recurrence rates after long-term follow-up for infrared coagulator ablation, and whether patients progressed to invasive cancer. DESIGN: : This study investigated a retrospective cohort. SETTING: This study was set in an office-based practice. PATIENTS: The patients evaluated were MSM who underwent at least 1 infrared coagulator anal high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion ablation between 1999 and 2005 with at least 1-year additional follow-up. INTERVENTION: Infrared coagulator ablation had been performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The primary outcomes measured were high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion recurrence and progression to anal squamous-cell carcinoma. RESULTS: Ninety-six MSM were included (44 HIV-positive) with a median follow-up of 48 and 69 months in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM. Thiry-five percent of HIV-positive and 31% of HIV-negative subjects from the original cohort were lost to follow-up. In HIV-negative MSM, 32 (62%) had a recurrence in a mean of 14 months. Recurrence rates after the second and third treatments were 48% and 57%. In HIV-positive MSM, 40 (91%) had a recurrence in a mean of 17 months. Recurrence rates after the second, third, and fourth infrared coagulator ablations were 63%, 85%, and 47%. After the first ablation, HIV-positive MSM were 1.9 times more likely to have a recurrence than HIV-negative MSM (P = .009). One year after the first ablation, 61% of HIV-positive MSM had recurrent high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions in comparison with 38% of HIV-negative MSM. One year after the second ablation, 49% of HIV-positive MSM had recurrent high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions in comparison with 28% of HIV-negative MSM. In HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM, the probability of curing an individual lesion after first ablation was 80% and 67%. Most recurrence was due to the development of metachronous lesions occurring in 82% and 52% of HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects after their first infrared coagulator treatment. The mean number of recurrent lesions for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM was never >2. No MSM developed squamous-cell carcinoma, and there were no serious adverse events. At last visit, 82% of HIV-positive MSM and 90% of HIV-negative MSM were high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion free. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective, observational study with significant loss to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared coagulator ablation is an effective treatment for high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions, and no patients progressed to cancer. HIV-positive patients are significantly more likely to have a recurrence, and recurrence occurred more rapidly in these patients. Continued follow-up is important.
Authors: Ashish A Deshmukh; Elizabeth Y Chiao; Scott B Cantor; Elizabeth A Stier; Stephen E Goldstone; Alan G Nyitray; Timothy Wilkin; Xiaojie Wang; Jagpreet Chhatwal Journal: Cancer Date: 2017-09-26 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Stephen E Goldstone; Shelly Y Lensing; Elizabeth A Stier; Teresa Darragh; Jeannette Y Lee; Annemieke van Zante; Naomi Jay; J Michael Berry-Lawhorn; Ross D Cranston; Ronald Mitsuyasu; David Aboulafia; Joel M Palefsky; Timothy Wilkin Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2019-03-19 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Maarten F Schim van der Loeff; Sofie H Mooij; Oliver Richel; Henry J C de Vries; Jan M Prins Journal: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep Date: 2014-09 Impact factor: 5.071
Authors: Ashish A Deshmukh; Jagpreet Chhatwal; Elizabeth Y Chiao; Alan G Nyitray; Prajnan Das; Scott B Cantor Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2015-07-29 Impact factor: 9.079