Understanding techniques for measuring cardiac output.

In summary, use of thermodilution as a method to measure cardiac output has attained universal appeal in the clinical environment. Other means of detecting cardiac output (impedance-cardiogram and ballistocardiogram, to name two) have been developed and are being used clinically, but the development of the flow-directed thermodilution catheter has profoundly affected the universal acceptance of the thermodilution method. Thermodilution techniques, when performed properly, are capable of obtaining accurate and reproducible results. Medical and nursing personnel who are educated in proper procedures will be able to make educated choices when faced with difficult decisions. It is likely that they will turn to the biomedical or clinical engineering department for help if those personnel are well informed regarding the techniques and procedures.