Infants exposure to aflatoxin M₁ as a novel foodborne zoonosis.

Occurrence of aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) in infant formula milk powder (IFMP) and maternal breast milk (MBM) was investigated as a risk factor affects the health of newborns in Egypt. A total of 125 IFMP and 125 MBM samples were collected and examined for the presence of AFM(1) using competitive ELISA test. The results indicated that the relative risk (RR) of exposure to AFM(1) via consumption of MBM was higher than IFMP (RR; 1.6, 95%CI; 1.28-2.03, p=0.0001). The mean concentrations of AFM(1) were significantly differed (p<0.0001) between MBM (74.413 ± 7.070 ng/l) and IFMP (9.796 ± 1.036 ng/l). High frequency distributions were detected within the range of 5-25 ng/l and >50-100 ng/l in IFMP and MBM, respectively. The average daily exposure of newborns to AFM(1) via consumption of MBM and IFMP was 52.684 and 8.170 ng, respectively, with a significant difference at p<0.0001. Consumption of raw milk by lactating mothers exhibited a significant correlation (p<0.0001) with the presence of AFM(1) in their milk. In conclusion, this work established a pioneering concept that AFM(1) may be considered as an etiological factor for a novel foodborne zoonosis identified as Aflatoxicosis M(1).