OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relationship between secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and blood lead levels in US children and adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from 6830 participants aged 3-19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) who were not active smokers and for whom SHS exposure information and blood lead measurements were available. RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment, participants in the highest quartile of serum cotinine (≥ 0.44 μg/L) had 28% (95% confidence interval = 21%, 36%) higher blood lead levels than had those in the lowest quartile (< 0.03 μg/L). Similarly, blood lead levels were 14% and 24% higher in children who lived with 1 or with 2 or more smokers, respectively, than they were in children living with no smokers. Among participants for whom lead dust information was available, the associations between SHS and blood lead levels were similar before and after adjustment for lead dust concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: SHS may contribute to increased blood lead levels in US children. Lead dust does not appear to mediate this association, suggesting inhalation as a major pathway of exposure. Eliminating SHS exposure could reduce lead exposure in children.
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relationship between secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and blood lead levels in US children and adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from 6830 participants aged 3-19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) who were not active smokers and for whom SHS exposure information and blood lead measurements were available. RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment, participants in the highest quartile of serum cotinine (≥ 0.44 μg/L) had 28% (95% confidence interval = 21%, 36%) higher blood lead levels than had those in the lowest quartile (< 0.03 μg/L). Similarly, blood lead levels were 14% and 24% higher in children who lived with 1 or with 2 or more smokers, respectively, than they were in children living with no smokers. Among participants for whom lead dust information was available, the associations between SHS and blood lead levels were similar before and after adjustment for lead dust concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: SHS may contribute to increased blood lead levels in US children. Lead dust does not appear to mediate this association, suggesting inhalation as a major pathway of exposure. Eliminating SHS exposure could reduce lead exposure in children.
Authors: Jonathan P Winickoff; Susanne E Tanski; Robert C McMillen; Jonathan D Klein; Nancy A Rigotti; Michael Weitzman Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2005-04 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Kimberly Yolton; Kim Dietrich; Peggy Auinger; Bruce P Lanphear; Richard Hornung Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2005-01 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp; Michael T Willoughby; Siri M Warkentien; Thomas O'Connor; Douglas A Granger; Clancy Blair Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2019-11-19 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Xin Wang; Bhramar Mukherjee; Stuart Batterman; Siobán D Harlow; Sung Kyun Park Journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health Date: 2019-05-15 Impact factor: 5.840
Authors: Esther García-Esquinas; Nuria Aragonés; Mario Antonio Fernández; José Miguel García-Sagredo; América de León; Concha de Paz; Ana María Pérez-Meixeira; Elisa Gil; Andrés Iriso; Margot Cisneros; Amparo de Santos; Juan Carlos Sanz; José Frutos García; Ángel Asensio; Jesús Vioque; Gonzalo López-Abente; Jenaro Astray; Marina Pollán; Mercedes Martínez; María José González; Beatriz Pérez-Gómez Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2014-03-21 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Miranda R Jones; Benjamin J Apelberg; Maria Tellez-Plaza; Jonathan M Samet; Ana Navas-Acien Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2012-12-18 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Sharon E Murphy; Katherine M Wickham; Bruce R Lindgren; Logan G Spector; Anne Joseph Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2013-02-27 Impact factor: 5.563