Structural changes of lignocelluloses by a nonionic surfactant, Tween 20, and their effects on cellulase adsorption and saccharification.

In this work, we found that Tween 20 treatment (0-8 mM) contributed to the cell wall collapse of most samples except for those with high lignin contents and high crystallinity. Cell wall collapse contributed to the formation of 10- to 50-nm pores and not only increased the monolayer saturation amount of adsorbed cellulase about 3-3.6 times but also increased the cellulase adsorption rate (D(e)/r(2)) about 160-880 times. Moreover, cellulose conversion at 72 h was also increased 8.7-21.5% by Tween 20 treatment. On the other hand, the adsorption of Tween 20 on Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) hindered the cellulase reaction (adsorption and saccharification). The effect of Tween 20 treatment on the crystalline part was insignificant for both lignocelluloses and Avicel. It was found that some degree of pretreatment (e.g. lignin removal) that enhances Tween 20 diffusion into samples is necessary to obtain the structural effects of Tween 20.