INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is associated with greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may, at least partially, be explained by prothrombotic alterations. We therefore investigated; first, the extent to which individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and/or DM2 had greater levels of thrombin generation than those with normal glucose metabolism (NGM); and second, whether any differences were independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, (micro)albuminuria, glycemic control and (central) adiposity, and/or were potentially 'mediated' by low-grade inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 744 individuals from the Hoorn Study (275 NGM, 176 IGM and 293 DM2, mean age 68.6 ± 7.1 years). Thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma was measured using the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram and three parameters were derived: lag time, peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, prior CVD and smoking status, individuals with IGM or DM2 had a longer lag time [ß = 0.14 min (95% CI: 0.02; 0.26)], higher peak height [ß = 7.29 nM (-1.33; 15.91)] and ETP [ß = 35.65 nM*min (0.97; 70.34)] than those with NGM. These differences were attenuated to ß = 0.06 min (-0.07; 0.19), 3.82 nM (-5.46; 13.10) and 16.34 nM*min (-20.92; 53.59), respectively, when further adjusted for waist circumference and hsCRP. CONCLUSION: Individuals with IGM or DM2 had up to 4% higher thrombin generation compared with NGM, which may be explained, to a great extent, by the greater levels of central adiposity and related low-grade inflammation characterizing these individuals.
INTRODUCTION:Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is associated with greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may, at least partially, be explained by prothrombotic alterations. We therefore investigated; first, the extent to which individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and/or DM2 had greater levels of thrombin generation than those with normal glucose metabolism (NGM); and second, whether any differences were independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, (micro)albuminuria, glycemic control and (central) adiposity, and/or were potentially 'mediated' by low-grade inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 744 individuals from the Hoorn Study (275 NGM, 176 IGM and 293 DM2, mean age 68.6 ± 7.1 years). Thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma was measured using the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram and three parameters were derived: lag time, peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, prior CVD and smoking status, individuals with IGM or DM2 had a longer lag time [ß = 0.14 min (95% CI: 0.02; 0.26)], higher peak height [ß = 7.29 nM (-1.33; 15.91)] and ETP [ß = 35.65 nM*min (0.97; 70.34)] than those with NGM. These differences were attenuated to ß = 0.06 min (-0.07; 0.19), 3.82 nM (-5.46; 13.10) and 16.34 nM*min (-20.92; 53.59), respectively, when further adjusted for waist circumference and hsCRP. CONCLUSION: Individuals with IGM or DM2 had up to 4% higher thrombin generation compared with NGM, which may be explained, to a great extent, by the greater levels of central adiposity and related low-grade inflammation characterizing these individuals.
Authors: Anke C Fender; Sonja Kleeschulte; Svenja Stolte; Katja Leineweber; Markus Kamler; Johannes Bode; Na Li; Dobromir Dobrev Journal: Basic Res Cardiol Date: 2020-01-07 Impact factor: 17.165