PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify novel and reliable serum prognostic markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Based on cytokine array analysis, we identified soluble CXCL16 as a novel prognostic serum marker. Serum levels of CXCL16 were assessed in 314 CRC patients and 20 normal volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their relationships with clinicopathologic findings, including survival, were investigated. Proliferation, invasion, and wound healing assays were used to investigate the biological role of soluble CXCL16 in CRC cells, by exposure of HT-29 cells to recombinant CXCL16. RESULTS: The median serum CXCL16 concentration in CRC patients was significantly higher than that in normal volunteers. In addition, serum CXCL16 levels increased significantly in accordance with the progression of UICC stage classification. Elevated serum CXCL16 level was significantly associated with poor survival and was an independent prognostic marker in CRC patients. Furthermore, in stage I-III CRC patients who underwent curative intent surgery, elevated serum CXCL16 levels were significantly associated with metachronous liver recurrence and poor survival. Recombinant soluble CXCL16 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype characterized by impaired E-cadherin production and induction of vimentin in vitro. In addition, recombinant soluble CXCL16 promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion in a CRC cell line. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we identified CXCL16 as a novel prognostic marker. Preoperative high serum levels of CXCL16 were associated with metachronous liver recurrence and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Soluble CXCL16 may play an important role in liver metastases through the induction of EMT.
PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify novel and reliable serum prognostic markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Based on cytokine array analysis, we identified soluble CXCL16 as a novel prognostic serum marker. Serum levels of CXCL16 were assessed in 314 CRCpatients and 20 normal volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their relationships with clinicopathologic findings, including survival, were investigated. Proliferation, invasion, and wound healing assays were used to investigate the biological role of soluble CXCL16 in CRC cells, by exposure of HT-29 cells to recombinant CXCL16. RESULTS: The median serum CXCL16 concentration in CRCpatients was significantly higher than that in normal volunteers. In addition, serum CXCL16 levels increased significantly in accordance with the progression of UICC stage classification. Elevated serum CXCL16 level was significantly associated with poor survival and was an independent prognostic marker in CRCpatients. Furthermore, in stage I-III CRCpatients who underwent curative intent surgery, elevated serum CXCL16 levels were significantly associated with metachronous liver recurrence and poor survival. Recombinant soluble CXCL16 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype characterized by impaired E-cadherin production and induction of vimentin in vitro. In addition, recombinant soluble CXCL16 promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion in a CRC cell line. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we identified CXCL16 as a novel prognostic marker. Preoperative high serum levels of CXCL16 were associated with metachronous liver recurrence and poor prognosis in CRCpatients. Soluble CXCL16 may play an important role in liver metastases through the induction of EMT.
Authors: Emese Zsiros; Priyanka Duttagupta; Denarda Dangaj; Hongzhe Li; Renee Frank; Thomas Garrabrant; Ian S Hagemann; Bruce L Levine; Carl H June; Lin Zhang; Ena Wang; Francesco M Marincola; Davide Bedognetti; Daniel J Powell; Janos Tanyi; Michael D Feldman; Lana E Kandalaft; George Coukos Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2015-02-23 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: Sigurd M Hald; Yury Kiselev; Samer Al-Saad; Elin Richardsen; Charles Johannessen; Marte Eilertsen; Thomas K Kilvaer; Khalid Al-Shibli; Sigve Andersen; Lill-Tove Busund; Roy M Bremnes; Tom Donnem Journal: BMC Cancer Date: 2015-05-29 Impact factor: 4.430
Authors: Jiamin Zhou; Yi Xiang; Teizo Yoshimura; Keqiang Chen; Wanghua Gong; Jian Huang; Ye Zhou; Xiaohong Yao; Xiuwu Bian; Ji Ming Wang Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2014-07-10 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: M J M Gooden; V R Wiersma; A Boerma; N Leffers; H M Boezen; K A ten Hoor; H Hollema; A M E Walenkamp; T Daemen; H W Nijman; E Bremer Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2014-02-11 Impact factor: 7.640