Cytomegalovirus infection in non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important and common cause of mortality and morbidity in immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy, and malignant hematological disease. After primary infection with CMV the virus becomes latent in multiple organs and can later be reactivated during severe dysregulation of the immune system. A large population carry dormant virus and are thus at risk for reactivation. However, reactivation of CMV has been reported in "non-immunosuppressed patients" such as severe trauma, sepsis, shock, burns, cirrhosis and other critically ill patients lying in the intensive care units. Therefore, the intensivists are increasingly facing a dilemma of identifying such patients to treat and there is a debate if there is a scientific justification for prophylaxis in such immunocompetent patients.