OBJECTIVE: Despite comparable antipsychotic exposure, some patients experience involuntary movements yet others do not. Negative symptoms have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), but it is not certain whether this is an association with primary negative symptoms or the effects of medications. The aim of the present study was to determine whether patients with deficit schizophrenia (who have primary negative symptoms) are more likely to experience TD than those with non-deficit schizophrenia. METHOD: In 2006, all the people with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia in Nithsdale, Southwest Scotland, were identified using the 'key informant' method. These patients were categorized into those with and without the deficit syndrome and assessed for the presence of TD. Patients were also assessed for akathisia and extrapyramidal side effects. RESULTS: Of the 131 people assessed, 31 were categorized as having deficit schizophrenia (23.7%) and 100 people (76.3%) as non-deficit. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, antipsychotic exposure, and duration of illness. There was a significant association between deficit features and TD with an odds ratio = 2.97 [95% CI 1.128-6.88, P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the proposal that the pathological process underlying deficit schizophrenia can predispose to the development of TD.
OBJECTIVE: Despite comparable antipsychotic exposure, some patients experience involuntary movements yet others do not. Negative symptoms have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), but it is not certain whether this is an association with primary negative symptoms or the effects of medications. The aim of the present study was to determine whether patients with deficit schizophrenia (who have primary negative symptoms) are more likely to experience TD than those with non-deficit schizophrenia. METHOD: In 2006, all the people with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia in Nithsdale, Southwest Scotland, were identified using the 'key informant' method. These patients were categorized into those with and without the deficit syndrome and assessed for the presence of TD. Patients were also assessed for akathisia and extrapyramidal side effects. RESULTS: Of the 131 people assessed, 31 were categorized as having deficit schizophrenia (23.7%) and 100 people (76.3%) as non-deficit. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, antipsychotic exposure, and duration of illness. There was a significant association between deficit features and TD with an odds ratio = 2.97 [95% CI 1.128-6.88, P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the proposal that the pathological process underlying deficit schizophrenia can predispose to the development of TD.
Authors: Victor Peralta; Lucía Moreno-Izco; Ana Sanchez-Torres; Elena García de Jalón; Maria S Campos; Manuel J Cuesta Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2012-12-18 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Dusan Hirjak; Robert Christian Wolf; Sabine C Koch; Laura Mehl; Janna K Kelbel; Katharina Maria Kubera; Tanja Traeger; Thomas Fuchs; Philipp Arthur Thomann Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2014-08-06 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Stanley N Caroff; Karen Yeomans; William R Lenderking; Andrew J Cutler; Caroline M Tanner; Huda Shalhoub; Véronique Pagé; Jun Chen; Ericha Franey; Chuck Yonan Journal: J Clin Psychopharmacol Date: 2020 May/Jun Impact factor: 3.118