Lucas Boeck1, Rolf Graf2, Philippe Eggimann3, Hans Pargger4, Dimitri A Raptis2, Nicholas Smyrnios5, Nehal Thakkar5, Martin Siegemund4, Janko Rakic1, Michael Tamm1, Daiana Stolz6. 1. Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 2. Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. 3. Department of Adult Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 4. Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 5. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA. 6. Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: dstolz@uhbs.ch.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired, life-threatening infection. Poor outcome and health-care costs of nosocomial pneumonia remain a global burden. Currently, physicians rely on their experience to discriminate patients with good and poor outcome. However, standardized prognostic measures might guide medical decisions in the future. Pancreatic stone protein (PSP)/regenerating protein (reg) is associated with inflammation, infection, and other disease-related stimuli. The prognostic value of PSP/reg among critically ill patients is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate PSP/reg in VAP. METHODS: One hundred one patients with clinically diagnosed VAP were assessed. PSP/reg was retrospectively analyzed using deep-frozen serum samples from VAP onset up to day 7. The main end point was death within 28 days after VAP onset. RESULTS: Serum PSP/reg was associated with the sequential organ failure assessment score from VAP onset (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.49 P < .001) up to day 7. PSP/reg levels at VAP onset were elevated in nonsurvivors (n = 20) as compared with survivors (117.0 ng/mL [36.1-295.3] vs 36.3 ng/mL [21.0-124.0] P = .011). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of PSP/reg to predict mortality/survival were 0.69 at VAP onset and 0.76 at day 7. Two PSP/reg cutoffs potentially allow for identification of individuals with a particularly good and poor outcome. Whereas PSP/reg levels below 24 ng/mL at VAP onset were associated with a good chance of survival, levels above 177 ng/mL at day 7 were present in patients with a very poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PSP/reg is a biomarker related to organ failure and outcome in patients with VAP. TRIAL REGISTRY: ISRCTN.org; No.: ISRCTN61015974; URL: www.isrctn.org.
BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired, life-threatening infection. Poor outcome and health-care costs of nosocomial pneumonia remain a global burden. Currently, physicians rely on their experience to discriminate patients with good and poor outcome. However, standardized prognostic measures might guide medical decisions in the future. Pancreatic stone protein (PSP)/regenerating protein (reg) is associated with inflammation, infection, and other disease-related stimuli. The prognostic value of PSP/reg among critically illpatients is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate PSP/reg in VAP. METHODS: One hundred one patients with clinically diagnosed VAP were assessed. PSP/reg was retrospectively analyzed using deep-frozen serum samples from VAP onset up to day 7. The main end point was death within 28 days after VAP onset. RESULTS: Serum PSP/reg was associated with the sequential organ failure assessment score from VAP onset (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.49 P < .001) up to day 7. PSP/reg levels at VAP onset were elevated in nonsurvivors (n = 20) as compared with survivors (117.0 ng/mL [36.1-295.3] vs 36.3 ng/mL [21.0-124.0] P = .011). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of PSP/reg to predict mortality/survival were 0.69 at VAP onset and 0.76 at day 7. Two PSP/reg cutoffs potentially allow for identification of individuals with a particularly good and poor outcome. Whereas PSP/reg levels below 24 ng/mL at VAP onset were associated with a good chance of survival, levels above 177 ng/mL at day 7 were present in patients with a very poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PSP/reg is a biomarker related to organ failure and outcome in patients with VAP. TRIAL REGISTRY: ISRCTN.org; No.: ISRCTN61015974; URL: www.isrctn.org.
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