Masculorum concubitores: views on homosexuality among Catholics in Recife, Brazil.

This study focuses on Catholics' views towards homosexuality. The discussion is based on an ethnographic survey involving interviews with priests and lay leaders as well as participant observation of daily life in a working-class neighborhood in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The analysis points to persistent prejudice against homosexuality in the neighborhood and among Catholic clergy and lay leaders interviewed in the study. The priests base their assertions on the dialectics between desire/practice and chastity/reproduction. This interplay allows them to distinguish between "homosexuality," condition of desire, and "homosexualism," a sin of the flesh. Based on this understanding, they produce an attitude of tolerance towards homosexuals. Laypeople prove to be more intolerant and focus their assertions on the difference between the sexes as the condition for good, natural, and sanctified sexual interaction. This attitude appears to be consistent with the way the sex/gender system operates in the neighborhood, where homosexuality is evaluated in terms masculinity and femininity. In this setting, it is interesting to observe how the discourses of homosexual movements challenge lay people and destabilize their religious certainties.