BACKGROUND: The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is widely used as a method for rating severity of injury. The ISS is the sum of the squares of the three worst Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) values from three body regions. Patients with penetrating injuries tend to have higher mortality rates for a given ISS than patients with blunt injuries. This is thought to be secondary to the increased prevalence of multiple severe injuries in the same body region in patients with penetrating injuries, which the ISS does not account for. We hypothesized that the mechanism-based difference in mortality could be attributed to certain ISS ranges and specific AIS values by body region. METHODS: Outcome and injury scoring data were obtained from transfused patients admitted to 23 Level I trauma centers. ISS values were grouped into categories, and a logistic regression model was created. Mortality for each ISS category was determined and compared with the ISS 1 to 15 group. An interaction term was added to evaluate the effect of mechanism. Additional logistic regression models were created to examine each AIS category individually. RESULTS: There were 2,292 patients in the cohort. An overall interaction between ISS and mechanism was observed (p = 0.049). Mortality rates between blunt and penetrating patients with an ISS between 25 and 40 were significantly different (23.6 vs. 36.1%; p = 0.022). Within this range, the magnitude of the difference in mortality was far higher for penetrating patients with head injuries (75% vs. 37% for blunt) than truncal injuries (26% vs. 17% for blunt). Penetrating trauma patients with an AIS head of 4 or 5, AIS abdomen of 3, or AIS extremity of 3 all had adjusted mortality rates higher than blunt trauma patients with those values. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in mortality between blunt and penetrating trauma patients exist at certain ISS and AIS category values. The mortality difference is greatest for head injured patients.
BACKGROUND: The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is widely used as a method for rating severity of injury. The ISS is the sum of the squares of the three worst Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) values from three body regions. Patients with penetrating injuries tend to have higher mortality rates for a given ISS than patients with blunt injuries. This is thought to be secondary to the increased prevalence of multiple severe injuries in the same body region in patients with penetrating injuries, which the ISS does not account for. We hypothesized that the mechanism-based difference in mortality could be attributed to certain ISS ranges and specific AIS values by body region. METHODS: Outcome and injury scoring data were obtained from transfused patients admitted to 23 Level I trauma centers. ISS values were grouped into categories, and a logistic regression model was created. Mortality for each ISS category was determined and compared with the ISS 1 to 15 group. An interaction term was added to evaluate the effect of mechanism. Additional logistic regression models were created to examine each AIS category individually. RESULTS: There were 2,292 patients in the cohort. An overall interaction between ISS and mechanism was observed (p = 0.049). Mortality rates between blunt and penetrating patients with an ISS between 25 and 40 were significantly different (23.6 vs. 36.1%; p = 0.022). Within this range, the magnitude of the difference in mortality was far higher for penetrating patients with head injuries (75% vs. 37% for blunt) than truncal injuries (26% vs. 17% for blunt). Penetrating traumapatients with an AIS head of 4 or 5, AIS abdomen of 3, or AIS extremity of 3 all had adjusted mortality rates higher than blunt traumapatients with those values. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in mortality between blunt and penetrating traumapatients exist at certain ISS and AIS category values. The mortality difference is greatest for head injured patients.
Authors: Timur Sellmann; Daniel Miersch; Peter Kienbaum; Sascha Flohé; Johannes Schneppendahl; Rolf Lefering Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2012-12-07 Impact factor: 5.594
Authors: Katherine M Reitz; Hunter B Moore; Frank X Guyette; Angela Sauaia; Anthony E Pusateri; Ernest E Moore; Adnan Hassoune; Michael P Chapman; Brian J Daley; Richard S Miller; Brian G Harbrecht; Jeffrey A Claridge; Herb A Phelan; Joshua B Brown; Brian S Zuckerbraun; Matthew D Neal; Mark H Yazer; Jason L Sperry Journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg Date: 2020-01 Impact factor: 3.697
Authors: Anna Bågenholm; Ina Lundberg; Bjørn Straume; Rune Sundset; Kristian Bartnes; Tor Ingebrigtsen; Trond Dehli Journal: BMC Emerg Med Date: 2019-10-30