Deep level transient spectroscopy studies of n-type ZnO single crystals grown by different techniques.

In the present study single-crystalline ZnO samples grown from the vapor phase, the melt, and a high-temperature aqueous solution (hydrothermal growth) are investigated before and after hydrogen plasma treatments, by means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and high-resolution Laplace DLTS. Dominant DLTS peaks are found to appear in the range of 120-350 K for all materials. The DLTS spectra depend on the procedure of growth of the ZnO. The thermal stabilities of the defects in an oxygen atmosphere and in an oxygen-lean atmosphere are analyzed. The origin of the DLTS peaks is discussed.