Successful treatment using cyclosporine in a patient with rhupus complicated by aplastic anemia: a case report and review of the literature.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) co-morbid with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known as 'Rhupus syndrome' and is estimated to be present in between 0.01 and 2% of SLE and RA patients. The occurrence of aplastic anaemia in a patient with rhupus is very rare and a treatment for this condition has not been reported. A 52-year-old woman presented complaining of nausea and dizziness during the preceding month. She had been treated for rheumatoid arthritis for 16 years. At the time of presentation, she had a malar rash, multiple arthritis, pancytopenia, pleural effusion, proteinuria, and positive anti-nuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies. A kidney biopsy revealed ISN/RPS class IV-G (A) lupus nephritis. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed aplastic anaemia with no evidence of viral infection. The patient was successfully treated using cyclosporine and prednisolone and she remained symptom-free at the one-and-a-half-year follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a successful treatment using cyclosporine in a patient with rhupus complicated by aplastic anaemia.