Richelle C Charles1, Edward T Ryan. 1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of biologic and environmental factors that shape current cholera outbreaks, advances in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions during cholera, and recent evolution of current treatment and cholera prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: New research studies have improved our understanding of a number of dynamic factors that shape the ecology of Vibrio cholerae and influence its transmission, including the role of lytic bacteriophage, biofilm formation, a hyperinfectious state of human-passaged V. cholerae, and the impact of severe weather events. Provision of safe water and improved sanitation continue to be the mainstays of preventing cholera transmission; however, the role of cholera vaccination as a control measure in both endemic and epidemic settings is evolving. Recent advances in our understanding of long-lived protective immunity after natural infection may aid in the global efforts to control cholera. SUMMARY: Improved understanding of factors associated with protective immunity and dynamic factors associated with cholera outbreaks may lead to improved control and prevention strategies for cholera.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of biologic and environmental factors that shape current cholera outbreaks, advances in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions during cholera, and recent evolution of current treatment and cholera prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: New research studies have improved our understanding of a number of dynamic factors that shape the ecology of Vibrio cholerae and influence its transmission, including the role of lytic bacteriophage, biofilm formation, a hyperinfectious state of human-passaged V. cholerae, and the impact of severe weather events. Provision of safe water and improved sanitation continue to be the mainstays of preventing cholera transmission; however, the role of cholera vaccination as a control measure in both endemic and epidemic settings is evolving. Recent advances in our understanding of long-lived protective immunity after natural infection may aid in the global efforts to control cholera. SUMMARY: Improved understanding of factors associated with protective immunity and dynamic factors associated with cholera outbreaks may lead to improved control and prevention strategies for cholera.
Authors: Wilbur H Chen; Richard N Greenberg; Marcela F Pasetti; Sofie Livio; Michael Lock; Marc Gurwith; Myron M Levine Journal: Clin Vaccine Immunol Date: 2013-10-30
Authors: Andrew Rogers; Loni Townsley; Ana L Gallego-Hernandez; Sinem Beyhan; Laura Kwuan; Fitnat H Yildiz Journal: J Bacteriol Date: 2016-01-11 Impact factor: 3.490