Therapy-related noninfectious complications in patients with hematologic malignancies: high-resolution computed tomography findings.

Pulmonary complications are a leading source of mortality in patients treated for hematologic malignancies. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, treatment-related noninfectious complications constitute more than half of the pulmonary pathology and represent a particular diagnostic challenge. This review illustrates the high-resolution computed tomography findings of common therapy-related complications and thereby demonstrates a high degree of overlap between the patterns of various toxicities. Clinical background knowledge of the distinct entities is reviewed and highlighted as an indispensable instrument to narrow the differential diagnosis.