BACKGROUND: Most effort in ultra high-risk (UHR) research has been directed at defining the clinical and neurobiological characteristics of those UHR subjects who go on to develop psychosis. The characteristics and outcome of the remaining UHR subjects have remained relatively unexplored. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of clinical UHR studies to investigate whether information was available on the characteristics and outcome of UHR subjects who did not convert to psychosis. RESULTS: Of 2462 potentially relevant papers, 31 met inclusion criteria, i.e. 20 naturalistic and 11 intervention studies. On average 76% (range 46-92.6%) of the UHR patients made no transition to psychosis during follow-up (range 6 to 40 months). Nearly half of the studies provided no characteristics of those UHR subjects who did not develop psychosis. Six studies reported remission rates from initial UHR status (range 15.4% to 54.3%). Linear regression showed that more recent studies reported significantly lower transition rates as compared to earlier publications. An older mean age at baseline was associated with significant lower transition rates in publications with follow-ups exceeding 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Our review illustrates that the long-term outcome of UHR subjects that do not develop psychosis is to date under-investigated. The studies reporting remission rates suggest that UHR criteria capture a non-negligible proportion of subjects that do not convert to psychosis.
BACKGROUND: Most effort in ultra high-risk (UHR) research has been directed at defining the clinical and neurobiological characteristics of those UHR subjects who go on to develop psychosis. The characteristics and outcome of the remaining UHR subjects have remained relatively unexplored. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of clinical UHR studies to investigate whether information was available on the characteristics and outcome of UHR subjects who did not convert to psychosis. RESULTS: Of 2462 potentially relevant papers, 31 met inclusion criteria, i.e. 20 naturalistic and 11 intervention studies. On average 76% (range 46-92.6%) of the UHR patients made no transition to psychosis during follow-up (range 6 to 40 months). Nearly half of the studies provided no characteristics of those UHR subjects who did not develop psychosis. Six studies reported remission rates from initial UHR status (range 15.4% to 54.3%). Linear regression showed that more recent studies reported significantly lower transition rates as compared to earlier publications. An older mean age at baseline was associated with significant lower transition rates in publications with follow-ups exceeding 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Our review illustrates that the long-term outcome of UHR subjects that do not develop psychosis is to date under-investigated. The studies reporting remission rates suggest that UHR criteria capture a non-negligible proportion of subjects that do not convert to psychosis.
Authors: Ming T Tsuang; Jim Van Os; Rajiv Tandon; Deanna M Barch; Juan Bustillo; Wolfgang Gaebel; Raquel E Gur; Stephan Heckers; Dolores Malaspina; Michael J Owen; Susan Schultz; William Carpenter Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2013-06-14 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Sanne de Wit; Tim B Ziermans; M Nieuwenhuis; Patricia F Schothorst; Herman van Engeland; René S Kahn; Sarah Durston; Hugo G Schnack Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2016-10-04 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Nikolaos Koutsouleris; Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic; Stephan Ruhrmann; Marlene Rosen; Anne Ruef; Dominic B Dwyer; Marco Paolini; Katharine Chisholm; Joseph Kambeitz; Theresa Haidl; André Schmidt; John Gillam; Frauke Schultze-Lutter; Peter Falkai; Maximilian Reiser; Anita Riecher-Rössler; Rachel Upthegrove; Jarmo Hietala; Raimo K R Salokangas; Christos Pantelis; Eva Meisenzahl; Stephen J Wood; Dirk Beque; Paolo Brambilla; Stefan Borgwardt Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2018-11-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Alice Masillo; M Brandizzi; L R Valmaggia; R Saba; N Lo Cascio; J F Lindau; L Telesforo; P Venturini; D Montanaro; D Di Pietro; M D'Alema; P Girardi; P Fiori Nastro Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2017-09-16 Impact factor: 4.785
Authors: Jürgen Kayser; Craig E Tenke; Christopher J Kroppmann; Daniel M Alschuler; Shiva Fekri; Shelly Ben-David; Cheryl M Corcoran; Gerard E Bruder Journal: Int J Psychophysiol Date: 2013-12-13 Impact factor: 2.997
Authors: S M Cotton; K M Filia; A Ratheesh; K Pennell; S Goldstone; P D McGorry Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2016-01 Impact factor: 4.328