PURPOSE: Surgical site infections (SSI) in an abdominoperineal resection (APR) occur more frequently than in other types of operations for patients with colorectal cancer. Perineal wounds are the most vulnerable sites, and they may be caused by stool contamination. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging, by which sensitive detection was possible, was used as a marker of perineal wound contamination. METHOD: Indocyanine green was transanally injected to the rectum before operation, and fluorescence images were obtained during the operation in three patients who underwent APR. RESULTS: One subject, in whom gross contamination was not visible, had an SSI, and a trace of ICG fluorescence was detectable in the perianal skin. The other two subjects, in whom skin preparation was completely performed until ICG contamination was eliminated, were free from SSI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that a trace of stool contamination remained in the perineal skin field even after the usual antiseptic skin preparation. Furthermore, meticulous skin preparation is required to minimize stool contamination in APR patients.
PURPOSE: Surgical site infections (SSI) in an abdominoperineal resection (APR) occur more frequently than in other types of operations for patients with colorectal cancer. Perineal wounds are the most vulnerable sites, and they may be caused by stool contamination. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging, by which sensitive detection was possible, was used as a marker of perineal wound contamination. METHOD:Indocyanine green was transanally injected to the rectum before operation, and fluorescence images were obtained during the operation in three patients who underwent APR. RESULTS: One subject, in whom gross contamination was not visible, had an SSI, and a trace of ICG fluorescence was detectable in the perianal skin. The other two subjects, in whom skin preparation was completely performed until ICG contamination was eliminated, were free from SSI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that a trace of stool contamination remained in the perineal skin field even after the usual antiseptic skin preparation. Furthermore, meticulous skin preparation is required to minimize stool contamination in APR patients.
Authors: Jennifer Blumetti; Myda Luu; George Sarosi; Kathleen Hartless; Jackie McFarlin; Betty Parker; Sean Dineen; Sergio Huerta; Massimo Asolati; Esteban Varela; Thomas Anthony Journal: Surgery Date: 2007-11 Impact factor: 3.982
Authors: Eva M Sevick-Muraca; Ruchi Sharma; John C Rasmussen; Milton V Marshall; Juliet A Wendt; Hoang Q Pham; Elizabeth Bonefas; Jessica P Houston; Lakshmi Sampath; Kristen E Adams; Darlene Kay Blanchard; Ronald E Fisher; Stephen B Chiang; Richard Elledge; Michel E Mawad Journal: Radiology Date: 2008-01-25 Impact factor: 11.105
Authors: Jarmo T Alander; Ilkka Kaartinen; Aki Laakso; Tommi Pätilä; Thomas Spillmann; Valery V Tuchin; Maarit Venermo; Petri Välisuo Journal: Int J Biomed Imaging Date: 2012-04-22