Necroptosis: biochemical, physiological and pathological aspects.

Programmed cell death is a key component of tissue homeostasis, normal development and wide variety of diseases. Conventional view refers to programmed cell death form as caspase-mediated apoptosis while necrosis is considered as an accidental and unwanted cell demise, carried out in a non-regulated manner and caused by extreme conditions. However, accumulating evidences indicate that necrotic cell death can also be a regulated process. The term necroptosis has been introduced to describe a cell death receptor-induced, caspase-independent, highly regulated type of programmed cell death process with morphological resemblance of necrosis. Necroptosis recently has been found to contribute to a wide range of pathologic cell death forms including ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases and viral infection, therefore a better understanding of the necroptotic signaling machinery has clinical relevance.