Anders Hugoson1, Margot Rolandsson. 1. Center for Oral Health, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden. anders.hugoson@hhj.hj.se
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the present study was to examine how deleterious current smoking and the use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) is for periodontal health compared with non-tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies comprised three epidemiological cross-sectional studies, in 1983, 1993 and 2003, of stratified random samples aged 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years. The numbers of dentate participants were 550, 552 and 523, respectively. The participants were examined clinically and radiographically. Diagnostic criteria were the number of teeth, plaque, gingival status, probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm, height of the alveolar bone level and classification by periodontal disease experience. In addition, participants were asked about their tobacco habits. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression shows, after adjusting for age, gender and sociodemographic variables, that relative to non-tobacco users, cigarette smokers had statistically significant less gingivitis, a higher frequency of PPD ≥ 4 mm and a higher incidence of severe periodontitis. There was no significant association between gingivitis, frequency of PPD ≥ 4 mm and periodontal disease experience and snus use. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smokers were found to have a statistically significant higher risk of severe periodontitis than non-tobacco users and users of snus. Using snus did not seem to be a risk factor for periodontitis.
AIM: The aim of the present study was to examine how deleterious current smoking and the use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) is for periodontal health compared with non-tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies comprised three epidemiological cross-sectional studies, in 1983, 1993 and 2003, of stratified random samples aged 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years. The numbers of dentate participants were 550, 552 and 523, respectively. The participants were examined clinically and radiographically. Diagnostic criteria were the number of teeth, plaque, gingival status, probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm, height of the alveolar bone level and classification by periodontal disease experience. In addition, participants were asked about their tobacco habits. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression shows, after adjusting for age, gender and sociodemographic variables, that relative to non-tobacco users, cigarette smokers had statistically significant less gingivitis, a higher frequency of PPD ≥ 4 mm and a higher incidence of severe periodontitis. There was no significant association between gingivitis, frequency of PPD ≥ 4 mm and periodontal disease experience and snus use. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smokers were found to have a statistically significant higher risk of severe periodontitis than non-tobacco users and users of snus. Using snus did not seem to be a risk factor for periodontitis.
Authors: Ahmad M Al-Bashaireh; Linda G Haddad; Michael Weaver; Debra Lynch Kelly; Xing Chengguo; Saunjoo Yoon Journal: J Environ Public Health Date: 2018-07-11
Authors: Andrea M de Silva; Shalika Hegde; Bridget Akudo Nwagbara; Hanny Calache; Mark G Gussy; Mona Nasser; Hannah R Morrice; Elisha Riggs; Pamela M Leong; Lisa K Meyenn; Reza Yousefi-Nooraie Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2016-12-22
Authors: Andrea M de Silva; Shalika Hegde; Bridget Akudo Nwagbara; Hanny Calache; Mark G Gussy; Mona Nasser; Hannah R Morrice; Elisha Riggs; Pamela M Leong; Lisa K Meyenn; Reza Yousefi-Nooraie Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2016-09-15
Authors: J S Passos; M I P Vianna; I S Gomes-Filho; S S Cruz; M L Barreto; L Adan; C K Rösing; E M M Cerqueira; S C Trindade; J M F Coelho Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2012-09-22 Impact factor: 4.507