OBJECTIVES: Massive urbanization in developing nations like India is predicted to cause epidemiologic transition to increased Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). To evaluate the rural-urban epidemiologic transition, risk factors for CAD were measured in two groups of subjects; Rural and Urban college students. METHODS: Subjects included 232 college students (58 men and 58 women in each group) aged between 18-22 years (mean 19.2 +/- 1.0). Since the age of urban youth was significantly higher (19.9 vs 18.4 years), age-adjusted analysis was performed. RESULTS: Age-adjusted BMI was significantly higher in urban (21.8 vs 17.8); 69.8% of rural and 13.8% of urban were underweight whereas 3.5% of rural and 31.9% of urban were either overweight or obese. Waist circumference (73.2 vs 61.9 cm), waist: hip circumference ratio (0.80 vs 0.75), diastolic BP (72.7 vs 67.9 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (82.4 vs 79.0 mg/dl), total cholesterol (147.9 vs 129.2 mg/dl), and LDL (89.3 vs 71.9 mg/dl) were significantly higher in the urban group. Triglycerides (79.1 vs 76.5 mg/dl), VLDL (15.9 vs 15.2 mg/dl) and systolic BP (114 vs 115 mmHg) were not significantly different. HDL (43.3 vs 40.7 mg/dl) and Cholesterol/HDL ratio (3.5 vs 3.3) were higher in urban group but with borderline significance (p = 0.057 and 0.056 respectively). CONCLUSION: Epidemiologic transition to higher risk for CAD is found in urban youth of Hyderabad compared to nearby villages, with increases in values of most parameters which are associated with increased risk for CAD. These findings need to be confirmed in extended studies to plan public health interventions to counteract the adverse effects of urbanization in early life.
OBJECTIVES: Massive urbanization in developing nations like India is predicted to cause epidemiologic transition to increased Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). To evaluate the rural-urban epidemiologic transition, risk factors for CAD were measured in two groups of subjects; Rural and Urban college students. METHODS: Subjects included 232 college students (58 men and 58 women in each group) aged between 18-22 years (mean 19.2 +/- 1.0). Since the age of urban youth was significantly higher (19.9 vs 18.4 years), age-adjusted analysis was performed. RESULTS: Age-adjusted BMI was significantly higher in urban (21.8 vs 17.8); 69.8% of rural and 13.8% of urban were underweight whereas 3.5% of rural and 31.9% of urban were either overweight or obese. Waist circumference (73.2 vs 61.9 cm), waist: hip circumference ratio (0.80 vs 0.75), diastolic BP (72.7 vs 67.9 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (82.4 vs 79.0 mg/dl), total cholesterol (147.9 vs 129.2 mg/dl), and LDL (89.3 vs 71.9 mg/dl) were significantly higher in the urban group. Triglycerides (79.1 vs 76.5 mg/dl), VLDL (15.9 vs 15.2 mg/dl) and systolic BP (114 vs 115 mmHg) were not significantly different. HDL (43.3 vs 40.7 mg/dl) and Cholesterol/HDL ratio (3.5 vs 3.3) were higher in urban group but with borderline significance (p = 0.057 and 0.056 respectively). CONCLUSION: Epidemiologic transition to higher risk for CAD is found in urban youth of Hyderabad compared to nearby villages, with increases in values of most parameters which are associated with increased risk for CAD. These findings need to be confirmed in extended studies to plan public health interventions to counteract the adverse effects of urbanization in early life.
Authors: Ajeet S Bhadoria; Pradeep K Kasar; Neelam A Toppo; Pooja Bhadoria; Sambit Pradhan; Vikrant Kabirpanthi Journal: J Family Community Med Date: 2014-01
Authors: Karl Peltzer; Supa Pengpid; T Alafia Samuels; Neslihan Keser Özcan; Carolina Mantilla; Onja H Rahamefy; Mee Lian Wong; Alexander Gasparishvili Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2014-07-21 Impact factor: 3.390