RFX6 is needed for the development and maintenance of the β-cell phenotype.

RFX6 has recently been found to be essential for the development of the endocrine pancreas through studies in both humans and mice. Interestingly, this gene maintains a specific expression in the postnatal hormone producing cells of the pancreas. Moreover in humans, different types of diabetes mellitus affect obligate carriers of RFX6 mutations. Therefore, RFX6 appears to have a pivotal role in the maintenance of the phenotype of the β-cells in addition to their development. Extensive research is needed to specify this role and explore its significance in the efforts to treat diabetes with medications, or more importantly, through β-cell replacement.