Structure and function of the mitochondrial bc1 complex. Properties of the complex in temperature-sensitive cor1 mutants.

The properties of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (bc1 complex) have been studied in respiratory defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bearing lesions in the core 1 subunit. All the cor1 mutants examined have greatly reduced concentrations of mitochondrial cytochrome b and display succinate-cytochrome c reductase activities near the limits of detection. Two mutants (E576 and C7), however, had 5% of wild type activity when the cells were grown at 23 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. The temperature-sensitive phenotype was determined to result from substitution of either Arg or Glu for Gly68 of the core 1 subunit. The respiratory competent revertants E576/R8 and C7/R4 derived from E576 and C7 retain the temperature sensitivity of the original mutants. Both revertants are temperature sensitive in vivo, but only mitochondria isolated from E576/R8 are temperature sensitive in vitro. The bc1 complex of mitochondria isolated from this revertant displays a normal value of the ratio Kcat/Km for cytochrome c and four times higher than the wild type for duroquinol. The succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity of E576/R8 is almost completely abolished after incubation at 37 degrees C for 90 min. It is inferred that the quaternary structure of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex is more labile at the nonpermissive temperature in the mutant and undergoes an alteration such that cytochrome b is no longer able to receive electrons through either the "o" or the "i" site pathway. The temperature lability and kinetic properties of the mutant enzyme point to a requirement of the core 1 not only for assembly but also for the catalytic activity of the complex.