Liquid junction potentials between electrolyte solutions in different solvents.

Many chemists are not familiar with the problem of the liquid junction potential (LJP) between electrolyte solutions in different solvents. Some even misunderstand it. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to write a review article on this subject. The LJP between electrolyte solutions in different solvents consists of three components: i.e., (a) a component related to electrolyte concentrations and ionic mobilities, (b) a component related to ion solvation (and ionic mobilities), and (c) a component related to solvent-solvent interactions. The characteristics of each of the three components have been discussed in detail, based on our old and new results. Components (a) and (b) are diffusion potentials but component (c) is a dipole potential.