PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the current knowledge of innate signaling events that are involved in HIV-1 infection. We here focus on dendritic cells, which are among the first cells that encounter HIV-1 after exposure. RECENT FINDINGS: HIV-1 triggers multiple pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells that facilitate infection and transmission to T cells. Triggering of the C-type lectin DC-SIGN induces signals that promote HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells and transmission to T cells. Similarly, dendritic cell immunoreceptor has been shown to bind HIV-1 and facilitate transmission to T cells. The cytosolic sensors TRIM5 and cyclophilin A recognize capsid proteins and activate antiviral responses to prevent HIV-1 infection. Moreover, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by HIV downregulates autophagy preventing adaptive immune responses. SUMMARY: Dendritic cells express an array of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in HIV-1 infection. However, HIV-1 dampens signaling by these receptors leading to suppressed responses or takes advantage of their signaling for its own benefit.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the current knowledge of innate signaling events that are involved in HIV-1 infection. We here focus on dendritic cells, which are among the first cells that encounter HIV-1 after exposure. RECENT FINDINGS:HIV-1 triggers multiple pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells that facilitate infection and transmission to T cells. Triggering of the C-type lectin DC-SIGN induces signals that promote HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells and transmission to T cells. Similarly, dendritic cell immunoreceptor has been shown to bind HIV-1 and facilitate transmission to T cells. The cytosolic sensors TRIM5 and cyclophilin A recognize capsid proteins and activate antiviral responses to prevent HIV-1 infection. Moreover, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by HIV downregulates autophagy preventing adaptive immune responses. SUMMARY: Dendritic cells express an array of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in HIV-1 infection. However, HIV-1 dampens signaling by these receptors leading to suppressed responses or takes advantage of their signaling for its own benefit.
Authors: Aaron Christensen-Quick; Christophe Vanpouille; Andrea Lisco; Sara Gianella Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2017-11 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Yongxiong Chen; Shiuh-Lin Hwang; Vera S F Chan; Nancy P Y Chung; Shu-Rong Wang; Zhongye Li; Jing Ma; Chia-Wei Lin; Ya-Ju Hsieh; Kao-Ping Chang; Sui-Sum Kung; Yi-Chia Wu; Cheng-Wei Chu; Hsiao-Ting Tai; George F Gao; Bojian Zheng; Kazunari K Yokoyama; Jonathan M Austyn; Chen-Lung S Lin Journal: PLoS Pathog Date: 2013-01-31 Impact factor: 6.823